绝经后出血患者的临床病理特征和出血原因分析  

Analysis of Clinicopathological Characteristics and Causes of Postmenopausal Bleeding

作　　者：郑庆燕 张钧 连成瑛[1] ZHENG Qingyan;ZHANG Jun;LIAN Chengying(Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,Fujian Maternal and Child Health Hospital,Fuzhou Fujian 350000,China)

机构地区：[1]福建省妇幼保健院妇产科,福建福州350000

出　　处：《中国卫生标准管理》2023年第10期111-114,共4页China Health Standard Management

摘　　要：目的探讨绝经后出血患者病理特征以及出血原因。方法选取2020年10月—2021年11月福建省妇幼保健院妇产科收治的98例绝经后出血患者,调查患者的临床特征和病理结果,分析病理特征以及出血原因。结果患者的病理结果为:萎缩性子宫内膜49例(50.00%),子宫内膜息肉17例(17.35%),子宫内膜癌15例(15.31%),子宫内膜炎1例(1.02%),复杂性增生2例(2.04%),宫颈炎2例(2.04%),宫颈癌3例(3.06%),宫颈息肉4例(4.08%),子宫黏膜下肌瘤2例(2.04%),增殖期子宫内膜3例(3.06%)。患者年龄与疾病发生的相关性比较,随着患者年龄的增长,因恶性肿瘤等原因造成阴道出血的患者占比升高,非器质性疾病、良性疾病的患者占比下降。通过对绝经时间与阴道出血发生率的分析显示,患者绝经时间<5年时绝经后出血的患者占比最高,为42.86%;其次为绝经时间>10年的患者,占比为32.66%。结论绝经后阴道出血病因较为复杂,大部分患者属于良性疾病,但仍需警惕恶性肿瘤导致阴道出血,宫腔镜下活检联合病理检查可以及早发现恶性病变并干预治疗。随着患者年龄的增长,恶性肿瘤造成阴道出血的风险上升。此文的研究为绝经相关子宫出血的管理提供了借鉴内容。Objective To investigate the pathological features and causes of postmenopausal bleeding.Methods The clinical data of 98 patients with postmenopausal hemorrhage admitted to the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Fujian Maternal and Child Health Hospital from October 2020 to November 2021 were retrospectively analyzed.Results The clinical characteristics and patholocases of cervicitis(2.04%),3 cases of cervical cancer(3.06%).There were 4 cases of cervical polyp(4.08%),2 cases of uterine submucosal myoma(2.04%)and 3 cases of proliferative endometrium(3.06%).After comparing the correlation between patients'age and disease occurrence,the results of this paper found that with the increase of patients'age,the proportion of patients with vaginal bleeding due to malignant tumors and other reasons increased,while the proportion of patients with non-organic diseases and benign diseases decreased.Secondly,through the analysis of the time of menopause and the incidence of vaginal bleeding,it can be found that the number of patients with postmenopausal bleeding was the highest when the time of menopause was less than 5 years,up to 42.86%;,followed by menopause more than 10 years of patients,accounting for 32.66%.Conclusion The etiology of postmenopausal vaginal bleeding is relatively complex,and most patients belong to benign diseases.However,it is still necessary to be vigilant about vaginal bleeding caused by malignant tumors.Hysteroscopic biopsy combined with pathological examination and active intervention treatment can detect malignant lesions as early as possible.As patients age,the risk of vaginal bleeding from malignant tumors increases.

关 键 词：绝经后出血 病理特征 宫腔镜 出血原因 妇科 良性病变 

分 类 号：R711[医药卫生—妇产科学]