“■”字考辨与“■祷”新探  

Textual Research of Neng(■)and New Interpretation of Nengdao(■祷)

作　　者：蔡一峰[1,2] CAI Yifeng

机构地区：[1]中山大学博雅学院,广州510275 [2]“古文字与中华文明传承发展工程”协同攻关创新平台

出　　处：《语言学论丛》2023年第2期139-149,共11页Essays on Linguistics

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“战国文字诂林及数据库建设”(17ZDA300)。

摘　　要：本文是对出土文献中的疑难字词“■”“■祷”的集中考辨。通过对其音义层次关系的细致分析,得出从羽能声的“■”所表示的{一[nun]}确有早期民族语的底层,和影母质部的{一}本不是同一个词。这组字词的形成与先秦时期楚地多语并行、双语兼用的大背景有关,是语言接触的产物。战国时楚人或将“■”用同“一”是同义换读,这是“■”字记词衰退的表现。根据这一词义来源的线索,结合楚地出土卜笼祭祷简内容的排比及相关文献的考证,认为“■祷”很可能是表示单独祈祷的意思,与之有联系的“举祷”则是表示一起祈祷,两者都是有关施祷方式的术语。This paper mainly discusses the two characters of moot point Neng(■)and Nengdao(■祷)as identified in excavated documents.We believe that the character Neng“■”,which is composed of the semantic radical Yu(羽)plus the phonetic radical Neng(能),obtained the meaning of“one”(*nun)from some early ethnic language,and it has nothing to do with the character一(影母质部).Language contact was the reason why the two characters came to being in bilingual even multilingual contexts.“r”could have been treated as interchangeable with一(影母质部)in terms of pronunciations and meanings,which is a sign of record ability recession of Neng(■).According to the source of its meaning,we further advocate that Nengdao(■祷)could have the meaning of praying individually,while Judao(举祷)refers to group praying.Both of these two characters are the prayer terms that also denote the scales of prayer and the way that prayer is carried out in rituals.

关 键 词：出土文献 ■ 一 楚语 ■祷 举祷 

分 类 号：H1[语言文字—汉语]