干湿交替灌溉与施磷量耦合对水稻根系生长、产量与磷肥利用的影响  

Effect of alternate wetting and drying irrigation and phosphorus rates interaction on rice root system,grain yield and phosphorus utilization

作　　者：赵喜辉 李雨阳 郝威名 江孟孟 徐国伟[1] ZHAO Xihui;LI Yuyang;HAO Weiming;JIANG Mengmeng;XU Guowei(College of Agriculture,Henan University of Science and Technology,Luoyang,Henan 471003,China)

机构地区：[1]河南科技大学农学院,河南洛阳471003

出　　处：《植物生理学报》2023年第3期641-652,共12页Plant Physiology Journal

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(U1304316);河南省自然科学基金项目(212300410341);河南省国际合作项目(GH2019024);河南科技大学学科提升计划A(13660002)。

摘　　要：适宜的水分管理方式与磷肥用量是提高水稻产量及资源利用效率的关键。研究干湿交替灌溉与施磷量耦合对水稻根系生长、产量与磷肥利用效率的影响,以期为水稻高产高效栽培提供理论依据。2019—2020年,以‘徐稻3号’为供试材料,设置为水分与磷肥施用量二因素完全区组试验。水分管理为:0kPa(浅水层灌溉)、-20 kPa(轻度干湿交替灌溉)和-40 kPa(重度干湿交替灌溉);磷肥施用量(按P2O5计)分别为0、60、120和180 kg·hm^(-2),分别于分蘖盛期、幼穗分化始期、抽穗期、成熟期4个时期测定水稻根系形态生理,分析不同处理水稻产量及磷素利用效率的影响。本研究结果表明,干湿交替灌溉与施磷量之间存在一定的互作,轻度干湿交替灌溉与施磷量为120 kg·hm^(-2)耦合能够增加每穗粒数、结实率与千粒重,提高水稻产量及磷肥农学利用率。在相同水分管理下,水稻根长、根直径、根系活跃面积、根体积和根系氧化力随着施磷量增加先增加后降低,在施磷量为120 kg·hm^(-2)最高,与不施磷相比,平均增加54.49%、41.24%、67.91%、52.90%和41.53%;在相同施磷量下,轻度干湿交替灌溉提高水稻根长、根直径、根系活跃面积、根体积、根系氧化力,与保持浅水层相比,分别增加了22.62%、9.54%、25.61%、15.11%、29.85%,而重度干湿交替灌溉则显著降低根系形态生理指标。多元回归分析表明,抽穗期根长与根系氧化力与产量呈显著正相关。根系氧化力与磷肥农学利用率呈显著性正相关,根体积与磷肥农学利用率呈极显著负相关。轻度干湿交替灌溉与120 kg·hm^(-2)施磷量耦合时能够提高协调地下地上生长,改善籽粒灌浆,提高粒重,促进水稻高产与磷肥利用。Appropriate water management and phosphorus fertilizer rates are the key factors to improve rice yield and resource utilization.The influence of alternative drying and wetting irrigation and phosphorus rates interaction on root growth,grain yield and phosphorus fertilizer efficiency were studied in order to provide theoretical basis for high yield and high efficiency cultivation of rice.It was conducted with com pletely 2-factor random design with‘Xudao 3’from 2019 to 2020.Herein,a pot-grown experiment was conducted with three water managements,namely,0 kPa(submerged irrigation),-20 kPa(alternate wetting and moderate drying),-40 kPa(alternate wetting and severe drying),as well as four phosphorus fertilizer rates,namely,0,60,120 and 180 kg·hm^(-2)(indicated as P0,P60,P120,P180,respectively).The morphological and physiological characteristics of rice roots were observed at mid-tillering,panicle initiation,heading and maturity stage,so as to analyze the effects of different treatments on rice yield and phosphorus utilization efficiency.There was obvious interaction between alternative wetting and drying irrigation and phosphorus rates.The results showed that alternative wetting and drying irrigation and P120 interaction could increase the number of grain,filled grain filling and grain weight,and improve rice yield and agronomic utilization of phosphorus fertilizer.Under the same water management,rice root length,root diameter,active absorb area,root volume,root oxidation increased first and then decreased with the increase of phosphorus application,reached the highest under P120 treatment,with an average of 54.49%,41.24%,67.91%,52.90%and 41.53%,compared with no phosphorus application.Under the same phosphorus rates,alternative wetting and moderate drying irrigation increased rice root length,root diameter,active absorb area,root volume,root oxidation by 22.62%,9.54%,25.61%,15.11%,29.85%,respectively,when compared with submerged irrigation.However,alternative wetting and severe drying irrigation significantly re

关 键 词：水稻 干湿交替灌溉 施磷量 根系生长 产量 磷肥利用 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]