深部采煤上覆关键层破断诱发矿震特征研究  

On the characteristics of mine earthquakes induced by key strata breaking during deep mining

作　　者：张全 邹俊鹏 吴坤波 焦玉勇 王超 闫宪洋 ZHANG Quan;ZOU Junpeng;WU Kunbo;JIAO Yuyong;WANG Chao;YAN Xianyang(Faculty of Engineering,China University of Geosciences(Wuhan),Wuhan,Hubei 430074,China;Yanzhou Coal Industry Co.,Ltd.,Jining,Shandong 273500,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质大学(武汉)工程学院,湖北武汉430074 [2]兖矿能源集团股份有限公司,山东济宁273500

出　　处：《岩石力学与工程学报》2023年第5期1150-1161,共12页Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(42177152,41902293)。

摘　　要：随着煤炭开采深度的增加,强矿震频发,严重威胁着井下矿工和地面居民的安全,影响矿山生产力和开采效益。基于岩层运动关键层理论和矿震监测技术,研究东滩煤矿深部煤层开采过程中强矿震分布及演化规律,以及煤层开采导致上覆多关键层协同运移破断特征和诱发矿震的能量传播规律。结果表明,深部煤矿开采初期矿震大多集中在低位岩层,随着工作面的推进,矿震逐渐向高位岩层转移,高位厚硬岩层是强矿震的主要孕育、发生基地。深部煤层上覆往往孕育多层关键层,煤层采动易造成上覆多关键层协同断裂运动。随着破断岩层总厚度逐渐变大,岩层中积聚的弹性应变能被瞬间释放而诱发矿震。工作面回采后,关键层断裂一般会以“O-X”形式呈现,形成“O-X”型破断的范围由下向上逐渐增大,形成的破断结构亦有主亚之分。研究结果对类似条件下深部煤矿工作面的安全、高效开采具有借鉴意义。As the coal mining goes deeper,strong mining induced earthquakes occur frequently,which seriously threaten the safety of underground miners and ground residents,as well as the productivity and effectiveness of mining activities.The key stratum theory and micro-seismic monitoring technology are used to analyze the distribution and evolution law of strong mine earthquakes during the mining of deep coal seams in Dongtan coal mine.The coordinated fracture characteristics of multiple key strata during the coal mining process is investigated.The results show that the mining induced earthquakes are mostly concentrated in the near-field overlying rock strata in the initial stage of coal mining.As the working face advances,the mine earthquakes gradually transfer into the far-field thick and hard rock strata.The far-field thick and hard overlying strata is the main breeding and occurrence place of strong mine earthquakes.The overlying rocks above a deep coal seam often contain multiple key strata.The cooperative fracture movement of overlying key strata may be induced by the coal seam mining activities.When the key strata is broken instantly,the accumulated elastic strain could be released suddenly,which is the main reason for the occurrence of mining induced earthquakes.The fracture in the key strata above the goaf is generally presented in the form of“O-X”.The range of“O-X”type fracture increases gradually from deep to shallow.The characteristics and classification of fracture structures are also investigated.The research results are of great significance to the safe and efficient mining of deep coal mines under similar conditions.

关 键 词：采矿工程 关键层 协同破断 深部采煤诱发矿震 矿震监测 覆岩运动规律 

分 类 号：TD31[矿业工程—矿井建设]