集体流——从核子自由度到夸克自由度  

The Collective Flow from the Degree of Freedom of Nucleons to Quarks

作　　者：马余刚 MA Yugang(Department of Nuclear Science and Technology/Institute of Modern Physics,Fudan University,Shanghai 200438,China)

机构地区：[1]复旦大学核科学与技术系/现代物理研究所

出　　处：《复旦学报（自然科学版）》2023年第3期273-292,309,共21页Journal of Fudan University：Natural Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重大项目(11890710);基金委理论物理专款上海核物理理论研究中心(12147101);广东省基础与应用基础研究重大项目(2020B0301030008)。

摘　　要：集体流是从中低能重离子物理到高能核物理之间一些共性的问题。集体流大小可以利用傅里叶级数展开的各阶系数来表示,其对应于直接流、椭圆流、三角流等。集体流在能量的依赖性上存在丰富的结构,反映了碰撞过程中的不同的作用机制和物质状态。同时,粒子的集体流在核子层次和夸克层次都存在标度率行为。本文简要评述了从低能到极端相对论重离子碰撞大跨度范围的集体流现象,分别讨论了核子层次、夸克层次的集体流现象,特别是简述了作者近30年来在集体流方向的系统工作,包括提出的一些理论预言得到了大型实验组的验证。There are common problems for the collective flows between low-intermediate heavy-ion collisions and high energy heavy-ion collisions.The collective flow can be can be expressed as the coefficients of each order in the Fourier expansion,which correspond to directed flow,elliptic flow,triangular flow,etc.Collective flow has a rich structure in terms of energy dependence,reflecting different mechanisms of interaction and states of matter during collision.Moreover,the collective flow of particles exhibits scaling behavior at both the nucleon and quark levels.This paper briefly reviews the collective flow phenomenon in a large energy region from low energy to extreme relativistic heavy ion collision.And we discuss the collective flow phenomenon at the nuclear level and quark level,and especially briefly describe the author􀆳s systematic work in the field of collective flow in the past 30 years,including some theoretical predictions that have been verified by large experimental group.

关 键 词：重离子碰撞 集体流 直接流 椭圆流 组分标度率 

分 类 号：O571.6[理学—粒子物理与原子核物理]