地方财政压力会抑制减税降费的研发激励吗?  

Can Local Financial Pressure Restrain Policy of Tax Cut and Fee Reduction on R&D Incentives?

作　　者：吕久琴[1] 庄安艺 LV Jiuqin;ZHUANG Anyi(School of Accounting,Hangzhou Dianzi University,Hangzhou Zhejiang 310018,China)

机构地区：[1]杭州电子科技大学会计学院,浙江杭州310018

出　　处：《杭州电子科技大学学报（社会科学版）》2023年第3期21-32,共12页Journal of Hangzhou Dianzi University：Social Sciences

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(19BJY231)。

摘　　要：基于2008—2021年我国制造业上市企业数据并结合政策文本分析法,从政策的执行主体——地方政府的视角,考察减税降费对企业研发投入的激励效应。结果表明:地方财政压力抑制了减税降费政策激励企业研发投入的效果,地方政府会通过减少研发补助、增强税收征管、扩大非税收入等策略性“被动”行为来缓解财政压力。区域异质性分析表明,东部地区政策执行的研发激励效应比中部、西部地区更强,而财政压力对政策效果的抑制作用在西部最强,即西部地区对财政状况的变化更敏感。进一步研究发现,地方政府对于企业的创新活动具有导向性作用,其较强的创新偏好性、竞争度、开放度的“积极”行为特征有利于降低财政压力所致的“冲抵效应”。Based on the data of listed manufacturing enterprises in China from 2008 to 2021 and the policy text analysis method,this paper examines the incentive effect of tax and fee reduction on enterprise R&D investment from the perspective of the policy executor,that s the local government.The results show that the local financial pressure inhibits the effect of tax and fee reduction policies on encouraging enterprises to invest in their research,and local governments will alleviate their financial pressure through strategic“passive”actions such as reducing research and development subsidies,enhancing tax collection and management,and expanding non-tax income.The analysis of regional heterogeneity shows that the R&D incentive effect of policy implementation in the eastern region is stronger than that of in the central and western regions,while the inhibitory effect of the fiscal pressure on policy effectiveness is strongest in the western region,which means that the western region is more sensitive to changes in financial conditions.A further research has found that local governments have a guiding role in the innovation activities of enterprises,and their“positive”behavioral characteristics of innovation preference,competitiveness,and openness are conducive to reducing the“offset effect”caused by the financial pressure.

关 键 词：减税降费 研发投入 政策执行理论 地方政府行为 地方财政压力 

分 类 号：F812.4[经济管理—财政学]