秦汉时期的刑法解释及当代审视  

Interpretation of Criminal Law in Qin and Han Dynasties

作　　者：田杜国[1] Tian Duguo(Law School of Northwest University for Nationalities,Lanzhou 730030,China)

机构地区：[1]西北民族大学法学院,甘肃兰州730030

出　　处：《六盘水师范学院学报》2023年第2期57-63,共7页Journal of Liupanshui Normal University

基　　金：甘肃省哲学社会科学规划项目“敦煌文献《文明判集残卷》中的法律解释研究”(2022YB024)。

摘　　要：在法家思想的影响下,秦代确立了“以法为教,以吏为师”的刑法解释原则,私家释律的刑法解释范式被明令禁止。同时文理解释、扩大解释、限缩解释、连事比附解释、指导性解释和修正性解释等多种刑法解释方法在秦代的司法实践过程中被广泛地加以使用。在秦代刑法解释理论与解释方法发展的基础上,两汉时期的刑法解释在指导思想层面上经历了由黄老之学向儒家思想进行转变的过程。受此影响,“应合经义”的刑法解释原则得以确立,私家释律的刑法解释范式迎来了发展契机。与此同时,包含了“声训”“形训”“义训”“互训”四种解释技巧在内的“经学训诂”解释方法在两汉时期的刑法解释过程中被广泛地加以运用。Under the guidance of‘Severity’and‘Objectivity’of Legalism,interpretation principle of using law as teaching and taking officials as teachers in criminal law was established in Qin.Academic interpretation was prohibited under the interpre⁃tation principle with the maintenance of the imperial power.Semantic interpretation and logical interpretation were used.Extrava⁃gant interpretation,constriction interpretation and analogy interpretation were widely used too.Moreover,interpretation methods of directive and revision were remarkable.In the period of Han Dynasty,the thought of Huang Lao was replaced by Confucian thought on interpretation ideology of Criminal Law.Under rapid development of Confucianism,as a interpretation principle,‘con⁃formity to classical meaning’was established.Official interpretation was replaced by academic interpretation.Exegetical method including‘sonic exegesis’,‘shape exegesis’,‘meaning exegesis’and‘mutual exegesis’was created.From influence of Confu⁃cianism,exegetical method was different from analogy interpretation of Qin.

关 键 词：刑法解释指导思想 刑法解释原则 刑法解释权限 刑法解释方法 

分 类 号：D929[政治法律—法学]