丝状噬菌体对宿主菌适应性影响的研究进展  

Research Progress on the Influence of Filamentous Phages on Host Bacterial Adaptability

作　　者：李晓宇[1,3] 李若愚 王晓 王丽丽[1,3] 李纪彬[2,3] 李淑英 徐永平 LI Xiaoyu;LI Ruoyu;WANG Xiao;WANG Lili;LI Jibin;LI Shuying;XU Yongping(School of Bioengineering,Dalian University of Technology,Dalian 116024,China;Dalian SEM Bio-Engineering Technology Co.,Ltd.,Dalian 116620,China;Professional Technology Innovation Center for Phage Application of Liaoning Province,Dalian 116620,China)

机构地区：[1]大连理工大学生物工程学院,大连116024 [2]大连赛姆生物工程技术有限公司,大连116620 [3]辽宁省噬菌体应用工程技术研究中心,大连116620

出　　处：《中国畜牧兽医》2023年第6期2496-2506,共11页China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine

基　　金：辽宁省“揭榜挂帅”科技计划(重大)项目(2022JH1/10900013);大连市重点科技研发计划项目(2021YF16SN012)。

摘　　要：丝状噬菌体广泛分布于革兰阴性细菌中,与裂解性噬菌体裂解杀死宿主不同,丝状噬菌体在侵染宿主之后,通过特异性识别位点将其基因组整合到宿主染色体上,并利用宿主DNA复制机制完成自身DNA复制,最后成熟的丝状噬菌体通过宿主细胞膜分泌释放,而宿主菌依然能增殖,但生长速度减缓。自1996年研究者发现丝状噬菌体CTXφ编码霍乱弧菌的主要毒力因子霍乱毒素基因ctxAB以来,细菌基因组中普遍存在的前噬菌体与宿主菌之间的相互作用关系引起了广泛关注。近年来越来越多的研究证实,作为可移动遗传元件,丝状噬菌体不仅在细菌基因水平转移中发挥重要作用,且赋予了宿主菌很多致病性和生存力相关的特征。笔者着重从丝状噬菌体参与生物被膜的形成、编码细菌毒素和调控毒素的产生与释放、协助细菌适应海洋极端环境、协助细菌抵抗噬菌体的重复感染方面论述了丝状噬菌体对宿主适应性的影响,以增强人们对丝状噬菌体-宿主相互作用的了解,进而为噬菌体疗法防控细菌性疾病提供指导和依据。Filamentous phages are widely distributed in Gram-negative bacteria.In contrast to lytic phages,after the filamentous phage infects the host,it integrates its genome into the host chromosome through specific recognition sites,and uses the host DNA replication mechanism to complete its own DNA replication.Finally,the mature filamentous phage is secreted and released through the host cell membrane,while the host bacteria can still proliferate,but the growth rate slows down.Since 1996 Vibrio cholerae filamentous phage CTXφwere found to contain the genes encoding cholera toxin,filamentous phages have attracted considerable attention for their interaction with host bacteria.In recent years,numerous studies have shown that filamentous bacteriophages are not only important in horizontal gene transfer but also endow host bacteria with many characteristics related to pathogenicity and viability.This review presents an overview of the role of filamentous phages in host adaptation,including enhancing bacterial biofilm formation,encoding bacterial toxins,modulating production and release of toxins,helping bacteria to adapt the extreme marine environment,helping bacteria resist repeated infection of bacteriophages,so as to increase understanding of filamentous bacteriophage-host interaction,and provide the guidance and basis for bacteriophage therapy to prevent and control bacterial diseases.

关 键 词：丝状噬菌体 环境适应性 细菌毒力 生物被膜 超感染排斥 

分 类 号：S852.6[农业科学—基础兽医学]