黄河流域农户化肥减量施用路径研究——基于多样性规模经营视角  

Study on the Path of Reducing Farmers’Fertilizer Application in the Yellow River Basin--From the Perspective of Diversified Scale Management

作　　者：杜丽永[1] Du Liyong(School of Economics and Management,Huaiyin Normal University,Huai’an 223001,Jiangsu,China)

机构地区：[1]淮阴师范学院经济与管理学院,江苏淮安223001

出　　处：《新疆农垦经济》2023年第6期59-70,共12页Xinjiang State Farms Economy

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学青年基金项目(项目编号:17YJC790026)。

摘　　要：农业面源污染是危及黄河流域生态安全的重要因素。文章基于黄河流域5省940个农户调查数据,分析了土地经营规模化、社会服务规模化、集中连片规模化、复合经营规模化四类规模经营模式对农户化肥减量施用的影响。研究发现:家庭层面的土地经营规模扩大并非总是有利于农户化肥减量施用,二者间呈先降后升的“U”型关系,中下游地区尤为如此,上游地区则不成立;社会服务规模化能够显著降低流域农户的化肥过量施用程度,且对上游地区的影响更为明显;复合经营规模有利于带动上游地区农户的化肥减量施用,而对中下游地区农户减量施肥无显著影响;集中连片规模化在整个流域对农户减量施肥的影响均不显著。因此,政府应当针对黄河流域不同区段鼓励发展不同类型的农业规模经营模式,促进化肥减量施用和流域农业绿色发展。Agricultural non-point source pollution is an important factor that endangers the ecological security of the Yellow River Basin.Based on survey data from 940 farmers in 5 provinces of the Yellow River Basin,the article analyzes the impact of four types of scale management models,which are land management scale,social service scale,centralized and contiguous scale,and composite scale management on the reduction of farmers’application of fertilizers.The results are as follows.Expanding the scale of land management at the household level is not always beneficial for farmers to reduce the use of fertilizers.There is a“U”shaped relationship between the two,showing a trend of decrease first and then an increase trend,especially in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River,but not apparent in its upper reaches.The scale of social services can significantly reduce the farmers’excessive application of fertilizers,and its impact on upstream areas is more significant.The scale of compound operation is beneficial for the reduction of farmers’fertilizer application in upstream areas,but has no significant impact on farmers in middle and downstream areas.The impact of centralized and large-scale operation has no significant impact on farmers’application of fertilization in the entire region.Therefore,the government should encourage the development of different types of agricultural scale management models in different sections of the Yellow River Basin,promote the reduction of fertilizer application and the green development of agriculture in the basin.

关 键 词：黄河流域 多样性规模经营 化肥减量施用 社会化服务 

分 类 号：S143[农业科学—肥料学] F323.6[农业科学—农业基础科学]