循环流化床锅炉负荷快速调节技术现状及发展趋势  

Status and development trend of rapid load regulation technologyfor circulating fluidized bed boiler

作　　者：胡仙楠 邓博宇 刘欢鹏[2] 杨冬[3] 杨海瑞[1] HU Xiannan;DENG Boyu;LIU Huanpeng;YANG Dong;YANG Hairui(Department of Energy and Power Engineering,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China;State Key Laboratory of Low-carbon Thermal Power Generation Technology and Equipment,Harbin Institute of Technology,Harbin 150001,China;State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering,Xi′an Jiaotong University,Xi′an 710049,China)

机构地区：[1]清华大学能源与动力工程系,北京100084 [2]哈尔滨工业大学低碳热力发电技术与装备全国重点实验室,黑龙江哈尔滨150001 [3]西安交通大学动力工程多相流国家重点实验室,陕西西安710049

出　　处：《洁净煤技术》2023年第6期11-23,共13页Clean Coal Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上基金资助项目(52276124)。

摘　　要：在碳达峰、碳中和目标背景下,我国正加快构建新能源占比逐渐提高的新型电力系统,目前煤电正是消纳可再生能源大规模并网的最经济调节电源。循环流化床锅炉机组因自身天然优势在煤电深度灵活调峰中担任重要角色,但其独特的结构和运行方式导致变负荷速率偏低,消纳高比例新能源并网的能力亟待提高。分析了制约循环流化床锅炉变负荷速率的影响因素,包括气固两相流动的惯性、炉侧水侧传热的惯性、固体颗粒燃烧的惯性、水动力安全性、机炉动态匹配问题等,并解释了产生惯性的物理机制。归纳了提高循环流化床机组快速变负荷能力的关键技术,通过加快流动参数、提高传热系数、减小炉侧热容、增强炉侧水侧间的传热、强化燃烧反应、优化控制策略等方法,考虑工业尺寸锅炉的可行性,提出了一套综合优化技术方案,即“智能吞吐”系统的设想。在1台135 MW循环流化床锅炉上进行验证,结果表明,锅炉平均变负荷变化率可提升16%,最大负荷变化率短时间内可持续达到4%/min左右。在此基础上,对宽负荷灵活运行的循环流化床锅炉机组的设计思路进行展望,用数据驱动热力系统动态模型,融合创新技术的热力系统多时空匹配运行技术,构建“三自一体”的先进协同控制系统,并参考成熟的煤粉炉蓄能利用技术,为将来实际工业应用提供理论指导。In the background of the carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals,China is accelerating the construction of a new power system in which the proportion of new energy sources is gradually increasing,and coal-fired power plants are currently the most economical regulating power sources for the large-scale grid connection of renewable energy.Due to their inherent advantages,circulating fluidized bed boiler units are crucial for the deep and flexible peaking of coal-fired power plants.However,because of their peculiar design and mode of operation,these units have a low load change rate,making it necessary to increase their capacity to absorb large amounts of new energy for the grid.The influencing factors that governed the load change rate of circulating fluidized bed boilers were analyzed including the inertia of gas-solid two-phase flow,combustion of solid particles,heat transfer between the water side and the furnace side,hydrodynamic safety,dynamic matching problem of the turbine and boiler,and the physical mechanism of inertia generation was also explained.The key technologies to improve the rapid load change capability of the circulating fluidized bed unit were summarized.By accelerating the flow parameters,improving the heat transfer coefficient,reducing the heat capacity of the furnace side,enhancing the heat transfer between the furnace and the water side,strengthening the combustion reaction,optimizing the control strategy,and considering the feasibility of industrial size boilers,a comprehensive optimization technology solution was proposed,namely the concept of an"intelligent take in/out"system,which was validated in a 135 MW circulating fluidized bed boiler.The results indicate that it is possible to enhance the boiler′s average load change rate by 16%and sustain a short-term maximum load variation rate of up to 4%/min.According to this,using a data-driven dynamic model of the thermal system,a multi-temporal matching operation technology of the thermal system incorporating innovative technologies,an a

关 键 词：循环流化床锅炉 快速变负荷 流动惯性 传热惯性 燃烧惯性 

分 类 号：TK16[动力工程及工程热物理—热能工程]