中国垃圾焚烧烟气多污染物协同脱除技术研究进展  

Research progress on synergistic removal of multi-pollutants from municipalsolid waste incineration flue gas in China

作　　者：阙正斌 李德波 肖显斌[1] 刘鹏宇 陈兆立 陈智豪 冯永新 QUE Zhengbin;LI Debo;XIAO Xianbin;LIU Pengyu;CHEN Zhaoli;CHEN Zhihao;FENG Yongxin(National Engineering Laboratory of Biomass Power Generation Equipment,North China Electric Power University,Beijing 102206,China;China Southern Grid Power Technology Co.,Ltd.,Guangzhou 510080,China;College of Power Engineering,North China Electric Power University,Baoding 071003,China)

机构地区：[1]华北电力大学生物质发电成套设备国家工程实验室,北京102206 [2]南方电网电力科技股份有限公司,广东广州510080 [3]华北电力大学动力工程系,河北保定071003

出　　处：《洁净煤技术》2023年第6期115-127,共13页Clean Coal Technology

基　　金：中国南方电网公司重点资助项目(NYJS2020KJ005)。

摘　　要：我国垃圾焚烧烟气污染物脱除技术及工艺发展日趋成熟,但存在系统复杂、成本较高等问题。若采用烟气多污染物协同脱除技术替代现有工艺中2种或2种以上的脱除技术,可有效简化工艺系统和减少占地面积,降低污染物脱除成本。总结国内垃圾焚烧烟气多污染物协同脱除技术,从脱除原理、研究进展、工艺流程、工业应用及应用效果等角度展开论述,主要特点为:低温等离子体协同脱除技术对烟气适应性强,能脱除NO_(x)、SO_(2)、HCl、Hg 0、二噁英等多种烟气污染物且效率较高,但设备成本高,运行耗电量大;碳基材料协同脱除技术能脱除多种烟气污染物,且能通过解吸再生回收资源,但脱除效率较低且存在二次污染风险;氧化法协同脱除技术主要针对NO_(x)、SO_(2)、HCl污染物,要求工艺设置在除尘后,主要存在脱硝效率较低和废水产物难处理等问题;SCR脱硝协同脱除技术对SCR催化剂进行改进,所需催化剂成本较高,但对Hg 0和二噁英的脱除效率不高,且影响脱硝过程和报废催化剂的处理;复合催化滤料协同脱除技术,对粉尘和二噁英的脱除效果均较好,但滤袋成本较高;其他技术如金属化合物吸附/氧化协同脱除技术目前研究应用较少。综合目前的协同脱除技术发展情况分析,可知成本和脱除效率仍是限制技术应用的主要因素,仍需推动技术降本增效。此外由于不同污染物物化性质的差别,在协同脱除过程中相互影响,但目前研究较少涉及,还需深入研究,避免出现竞争和抑制现象,尽可能相互促进、协同脱除。The technology of pollutant removal from municipal solid waste incineration flue gas in China are becoming more and more mature,but there are some problems with complex system and high cost.If the collaborative removal technology of multi-pollutants in flue gas can be adopted to replace two or more removal technologies in the existing process,the process system can be effectively simplified,the occupation area can be reduced,and even the cost of pollutant removal can be reduced.The cooperative removal technology of multi-pollutants from municipal solid waste incineration flue gas in China was summarized and discussed from the perspectives of removal principle,research progress,technological process,industrial application and application effect.The main advantages and disadvantages are as follows:the low temperature plasma cooperative removal technology has strong adaptability to flue gas,which can remove many kinds of flue gas pollutants such as NO_(x),SO_(2),HCl,Hg 0,dioxin and so on,with high efficiency,but the equipment cost and the operation power consumption are high.The synergistic removal technology of carbon-based materials can also remove a variety of flue gas pollutants,and can recover resources by desorption and regeneration,but the removal efficiency is low and there is a risk of secondary pollution.The synergistic oxidation removal technology is mainly aimed at NO_(x),SO_(2) and HCl pollutants,which requires the process to be set up after dust removal,and mainly has the problems of low denitrification efficiency and difficulty in treating wastewater products.The synergistic removal technology of SCR denitrification is an improvement of SCR catalyst,which requires a high cost of catalyst,but the removal efficiency of Hg 0 and dioxin is not high,and affects the denitrification process and the treatment of scrapped catalyst.the synergistic denitrification technology with composite catalytic media has better removal effect on dust and dioxin,but the cost of filter bag is relatively high.Other technologie

关 键 词：城市生活垃圾 焚烧 烟气污染物 协同脱除 工业应用 

分 类 号：TQ110.9[化学工程—无机化工] X701[环境科学与工程—环境工程]