世界露天煤矿发展综述  

Overview of the development of open-pit coal mines in the world

作　　者：于海旭 刘闯 金磊 杜勇志 李新鹏 卑若楠 YU Haixu;LIU Chuang;JIN Lei;DU Yongzhi;LI Xinpeng;Bei Ruonan(China Energy Baorixile Energy Co.,Ltd.,Hulun Buir,Inner Mongolia 021000,China;Information Institute of Ministry of Emergency Management of PRC,Chaoyang,Beijing 100029,China)

机构地区：[1]国能宝日希勒能源有限公司,内蒙古自治区呼伦贝尔市021000 [2]应急管理部信息研究院,北京市朝阳区100029

出　　处：《中国煤炭》2023年第6期116-125,共10页China Coal

摘　　要：采用定性和定量相结合的方法比较分析了世界主要露天采煤国家在露天煤炭资源分布、生产现状、开采技术、装备发展和环境保护等方面的特点及其经验。结果表明,国外优先发展露天开采,露天煤矿向大型化、集约化、高效化发展,露天煤炭开采工艺呈现连续化、综合化特征,开采装备向大型化、智能化、电动化和节能环保方向发展,在资源开发同时,坚持以“恢复原有生态功能”为原则进行采后土地生态功能的恢复。我国露天煤炭产量已超过世界其他任何一个国家的煤炭总产量,且露天煤矿生态环境保护经历了跟跑、追赶和超越3个阶段。展望未来,我国露天煤矿应进一步扩大产量规模和开采集中度,重点发展自移式半连续开采工艺,提高国产设备使用规模,推进露天开采与生态重建一体化,提高生态建设效果和质量。The characteristics and experiences of major open-pit coal mining countries were compared and analyzed in terms of open-pit coal resource distribution,production status,mining technology,equipment,and environmental protection by using a combination of qualitative and quantitative analysis methods.The results show that foreign countries prioritize the development of open-pit mining,and open-pit coal mines are developing towards large-scale,intensive and efficient,and the open-pit mining technology presents a continuous and comprehensive trend,and the mining equipment is developing towards large-scale,intelligent,electric and energy-saving environmental protection,and the land ecological restoration after mining is based on the principle of restoring original ecological functions during resource development.China's open-pit coal production has exceeded the total coal production of any other country in the world,and the ecological environment protection of open-pit coal mines in China has gone through three stages:following,catching up,and surpassing.Looking forward to the future,China's open-pit coal mines should further expand their production scale and mining concentration ratio,focus on the development of semi-continuous mining technology with self-moving crusher,improve the use scale of domestic equipment,and promote the integration of open-pit mining and ecological reconstruction,improve the effects and quality of ecological construction.

关 键 词：世界露天煤矿 煤炭资源开发 技术与装备 环境保护 政策性建议 

分 类 号：TD824[矿业工程—煤矿开采] TD99[矿业工程—矿山开采]