挖掘机铲斗减粘脱土研究现状及发展趋势  

Research status and development trend of reducing adhesion and desorption soil for excavator bucket

作　　者：刘国敏[1] 韩雪锴 LIU Guo-min;HAN Xue-kai(School of Civil Engineering,Jilin Jianzhu University,Changchun 130118,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林建筑大学土木工程学院,吉林长春130118

出　　处：《重型机械》2023年第3期1-7,共7页Heavy Machinery

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51405191)。

摘　　要：挖掘机铲斗减粘脱土性能的高低是其工作效率提高的关键,且挖掘机铲斗土壤粘附一直是亟待解决的技术难题。从挖掘机铲斗粘附机理入手,着重从表面改性、加热减粘脱附、机械减粘脱附、仿生减粘脱附四个方面对国内外挖机铲斗减粘脱土技术研究现状进行了阐述,并通过对国内外研究现状的比较,指出了现阶段挖掘机铲斗减粘脱土技术的优缺点,提出依据耦合仿生技术,通过将体表结构、体表电渗、体表润滑、体表柔性等多因素耦合,可以设计出最优减阻效果的铲斗,以期为国内外挖掘机铲斗减粘脱土性能的研究提供理论参考。The soil adhesion of the excavator bucket has always been a technical problem to be solved urgently,the performance in reducing adhesion and scouring soil is the key to improving its work efficiency.Starting from the adhesion mechanism of the excavator bucket,the research status of the excavator bucket’s adhesion reduction and desorption technology at home and abroad is expounded from four aspects:surface modification,heating adhesion reduction and desorption,mechanical adhesion reduction and desorption,and bionic adhesion reduction and desorption.By comparing the research status at home and abroad,the advantages and disadvantages of the current adhesion reduction and desorption technology of excavator bucket are pointed out.Based on coupling multiple factors such as surface structure,surface electroosmotic,surface lubrication and surface flexibility,a bucket with optimal drag reduction effect can be designed,which provides a theoretical reference to the research the performance of reducing adhesion and scouring soil technology for excavator bucket at home and abroad.

关 键 词：挖掘机铲斗 减粘脱土 耦合仿生 

分 类 号：TH243.1[机械工程—机械制造及自动化]