昆明市湿地公园地表灰尘重金属污染特征及健康风险评价  

Heavy Metals Pollution Characteristics and Health Risk Assessment of Road Dust in Wetland Parks of Kunming,Southwest China

作　　者：毕珏 张振宁 杨丹蕾 刘雨佳 崔道雷 向萍 BI Jue;ZHANG Zhenning;YANG Danlei;LIU Yujia;CUI Daolei;XIANG Ping(Yunnan Innovative Research Team of Environmental Pollution,Food Safety and Human Health,Southwest Forestry University,Kunming 650224,China;Institute of Environment Remediation and Human Health,School of Ecology and Environment,Southwest Forestry University,Kunming 650224,China)

机构地区：[1]西南林业大学环境污染与食品安全及人体健康云南省创新团队,云南昆明650224 [2]西南林业大学生态与环境学院,环境修复与健康研究院,云南昆明650224

出　　处：《中国环境监测》2023年第3期106-119,共14页Environmental Monitoring in China

基　　金：国家大学生创新训练计划项目(202010677004);云南基础研究计划面上项目(2019FB014);国家自然科学基金资助项目(21906134,42067059);云南省高层次人才引进计划青年人才项目(YNQR-QNRC-2018-049)。

摘　　要：城市湿地公园是人们休闲娱乐的重要场所,但其地表灰尘的人群暴露健康风险却鲜有报道。该研究收集昆明市3个最受欢迎的湿地公园景区地表灰尘样品,利用等离子发射光谱仪(ICP-OES)测定灰尘中Pb、Cd、Hg、As、Zn、Cr、Cu、Ni、Co、Mn含量,使用地累积指数法(I_(geo))、污染负荷指数法(PLI)和潜在生态风险指数法(RI)探讨湿地公园灰尘重金属污染特征,借助美国环保署健康风险评价模型,开展成人和儿童的重金属健康风险评价。结果表明:灰尘中10种重金属平均含量均超昆明市土壤背景值,其中Cd、Hg和Zn平均含量超背景值6倍,Cr、Ni、Co的I_(geo)<1。污染负荷指数法结果显示Hg、Cd、Zn中度污染,Pb、Cu和As则具有中等以上生态风险。人体健康风险评价结果显示,经口摄入为重金属主要暴露途径,其次是皮肤直接接触和呼吸吸入。Ni、As、Cd、Co和Cr的致癌风险值均小于10^(-6),但若长期处于此种环境,可能会存在潜在的致癌风险。对于非致癌元素而言,Pb、Zn、Cu、Mn非致癌健康风险值都远小于1,即风险可以忽略。Urban wetland park is an important place for residents’recreation,however,the pollution characteristics and human health risks of road dust from urban wetland park are still not fully understood.In this study,dust samples on the surface of three main wetland park scenic spots in Kunming City were collected.The content of Pb,Cd,Hg,As,Zn,Cr,Cu,Ni,Co,and Mn were determined by inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometer(ICP-OES).Index of geo-accumulation(I_(geo)),Pollution Load index(PLI),and Potential Ecological Risk index(RI)were employed to assess the pollution characteristics of heavy metal in wetland park dust.Heavy metal health risk assessments for adults and children were carried out by the U S Environmental Protection Agency’s health risk assessment models.The results showed that the average contents of 10 heavy metals in dust exceed the soil background value of Kunming,with Cd,Hg,and Zn exceeding the background value by more than 6 times.The geo-accumulation index(I_(geo))of Cr,Ni,and Co were below 1.The pollution load index(PLI)indicated that Hg,Cd,and Zn were moderate pollution while Pb,Cu,and As had potential ecological risk that above moderate levels.Human health risk index(HQ)implied that human exposed to heavy metals mainly via mouth,then via skin and respiratory.Though the hazard index(HI)of Ni,As,Cd,Co,and Cr were below 10^(-6),suggesting cancer risk if stating in this environment for long times.For non-carcinogenic elements,the hazard index(HI)of Pb,Zn,Cu,and Mn were far below 1,indicating that their risks were negligible.

关 键 词：高原城市 湿地公园 灰尘 重金属 人体健康风险 

分 类 号：X823[环境科学与工程—环境工程]