长江口-杭州湾生态环境监测点位优化布设及水质分析  

Study on Optimal Layout Method of Ecological Environment Monitoring Sites and Water Quality Analysis in Yangtze Estuary-Hangzhou Bay

作　　者：张镔麒 王艳[1] 徐香勤[1] 吕旭波 雷坤[1] ZHANG Binqi;WANG Yan;XU Xiangqin;LYU Xubo;LEI Kun(Water Ecology and Environment Institute,Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences,Beijing 100012,China)

机构地区：[1]水生态环境研究所,中国环境科学研究院,北京100012

出　　处：《中国环境监测》2023年第3期146-154,共9页Environmental Monitoring in China

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目“近岸海域氮磷污染陆海气协同防治关键技术研究与示范”(2021YFC3101700)。

摘　　要：河口海湾位于陆海交错带,受径潮流作用的双重影响,具有物质输运格局复杂、生态环境变化梯度大等特点。生态环境监测点位布设与优化是科学、客观评估河口海湾生态环境状况的前提。采用空间平衡抽样法开展监测点位增设和优化方案研究,将2020年5月上海市海洋环境趋势性监测布设的142个监测点位,增设至200个,并进一步优化至170个,对优化前后的点位数据进行显著性检验、方差分析和空间自相关分析。结果显示:2组数据之间无显著性差异,并且优化后点位的方差和空间自相关值更小,说明空间平衡抽样法适用于河口海湾生态环境监测点位布设和优化,点位布设和优化结果可客观反映河口海湾的生态环境状况。随后,采用泰森多边形法确定了优化所得的170个离散点位的海域代表面积,克服现有空间插值法的缺陷,为河口海湾生态环境总体状况评价提供技术参考。Estuaries and bays are located in the land-sea ecotone,which is influenced by the radial current and has the characteristics of complex material transport pattern and large gradient of ecological environment change.The layout and optimization of ecological environment monitoring points is the premise of scientific and objective evaluation of estuarine ecological environment.In this paper,the spatial balanced sampling method was used to carry out the research on the layout and optimization scheme of monitoring sites.The 142 monitoring sites laid out for the marine environmental trend monitoring in Shanghai in May 2020 were increased to 200,and further optimized to 170.The significance test,variance analysis and spatial autocorrelation analysis were performed on the point data before and after optimization.Results showed that there was no significant difference between the two groups of data,the variance and Morans’I of the optimized sites were smaller,which indicated that the spatial balanced sampling method was suitable for the layout and optimization of the sites in estuaries and bays.Then,Thiessen polygons was used to determine the representative area of sampling sites,which overcame the shortcomings of existing spatial interpolation method and provideed a technical basis for the evaluation of the estuaries and bays.

关 键 词：长江口-杭州湾 空间平衡抽样法 抽样框架 点位优化 泰森多边形 

分 类 号：X832.01[环境科学与工程—环境工程]