动物意象批评在类书中的生成与传承——以《艺文类聚》子目“雁”为例  

The Generation and Evolution of Animal Image Criticism in Encyclopedic Classics:A Case of“Wild Goose”in Yi Wen Lei Ju

作　　者：韩建立[1] HAN Jian-li

机构地区：[1]吉林大学文学院,吉林长春130012

出　　处：《三峡大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2023年第4期78-83,115,共7页Journal of China Three Gorges University(Humanities & Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“从《艺文类聚》抄纂方式看汉魏六朝文学文本变异研究”(20BZW049)。

摘　　要：《艺文类聚》卷九十一“鸟部中”子目“雁”运用意象批评的方法,辑录各种文献和诗、赋作品,展现了雁意象在先唐时期的生成与传承,反映了《艺文类聚》编者的动物意象批评观念。诗歌中的雁意象最早出现在《诗经》,主要是用作比、兴手法;从汉末开始,雁意象用来表达思乡恋土的情感,这与雁的候鸟特点有关;三国至南朝,雁意象又有孤独寂寞、旅途凶险、追慕舒适生活、热衷功名等多种象征意蕴。赋中的雁意象则被赋予伦理秩序、避世隐居的意蕴。以《艺文类聚》为切入点,考察意象批评在先唐时期的流变,这是一个为古今研究者所忽略的角度。《艺文类聚》所运用的意象批评方法是隐性的、潜在的,在选与不选、选此还是选彼的选编操作中,体现着意象批评的意蕴。The literature,poems and odes(fu)related to wild goose are collected in the category of“birds(II)”in the 91st Volume of Yi Wen Lei Ju in the form of image criticism,as demonstrates the generation and evolution of the image of wild goose in the Pre-Tang Dynasties and reveals the compiler’s concept of animal image criticism.The image of wild goose is first adopted in Shi Jing for poetic comparison(bi)and symbolism(xing).Since the end of the Han Dynasty,the image of wild goose is used to express homesickness or nostalgia,the symbolism of migratory birds,and from the Three Kingdoms to the Southern Dynasties,the image of wild goose is loaded with many symbolic meanings,such as loneliness,dangerous journey,the pursuit of a comfortable life,and enthusiasm for fame.The image of the wild goose in the odes is given the meanings of ethical order and seclusion.Yi Wen Lei Ju provides a perfect introduction to the study of the evolution of image criticism in the Pre-Tang Dynasties,which has long been neglected in the past and present.The image criticism in this encyclopedic classic is conducted in an implicit and latent way,and the ways of choices making in the compilation also demonstrate the implication of image criticism.

关 键 词：意象批评 类书 《艺文类聚》 雁 

分 类 号：I207.2[文学—中国文学]