封育对不同草地类型植物群落多样性及生态位特征的影响--以新疆不同类型草地为例  

Effects of enclosure on vegetation diversity and niche characteristics of different grassland types in Xinjiang

作　　者：阿斯太肯·居力海提 董乙强 周时杰 聂婷婷 姜安静 安沙舟[1,2,3] Asitaiken·Julihaiti;DONG Yiqiang;ZHOU Shijie;NIE Tingting;JIANG Anjing;AN Shazhou(College of Grassland Science,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,Xinjiang,China;Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources and Ecology,Urumqi 830052,Xinjiang,China;Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources and Ecology of Western Arid Region,Ministry of Education,Urumqi 830052,Xinjiang,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学草业学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830052 [2]新疆草地资源与生态重点实验室,新疆乌鲁木齐830052 [3]西部干旱荒漠区草地资源与生态教育部重点实验室,新疆乌鲁木齐830052

出　　处：《草业科学》2023年第5期1168-1185,共18页Pratacultural Science

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区高校科研计划项目(XJEDU2021Y021);新疆农业大学高层次人才科研培育计划项目;新疆农业大学研究生科研创新计划项目(XJAUGRI2022024)。

摘　　要：为探究不同草地类型植物群落多样性及生态位特征对封育的响应规律,以新疆不同草地类型(温性荒漠、温性草原、山地草甸)为研究对象,采取野外实地调查采样的方法,对封育区(10年)和自由放牧区内植物群落多样性、生态位宽度和生态位重叠值进行测定分析。结果表明:1)通过对不同草地类型进行围栏封育措施,发现除温性荒漠草地外,温性草原和山地草甸大部分植物种均表现出生态位宽度指数高于放牧样地,封育措施在温性草原和山地草甸中的效果更显著。2)与自由放牧区相比,温性草原封育后Shannon-Wiener指数、Patrick指数、Pielou指数以及Simpson指数均呈现显著增加31.81%~90.80%(P<0.05),表明围栏封育措施在温性草原效果最好。总之,围栏封育(10年)对温性草原及山地草甸植被恢复具有一定促进作用,而不利于温性荒漠草地的植被恢复,表明不同的草地类型对围栏封育的响应显著不同,效果不一。因此在对退化草地治理恢复时,围栏封育应结合植被类型、植被生长环境等多方面因素,制定合理的封育措施,以期达到更好的封育效果。To explore the response of vegetation diversity and enclosure niche,different grassland types(temperate desert,temperate steppe,and temperate montane meadow grasslands)in Xinjiang were the research object.Vegetation diversity and niche characteristics in the study sites were measured and analyzed by combining field sampling and indoor analysis.The enclosure treatment results of the different grassland types revealed that except for temperate desert grassland,most species in temperate steppe and mountain meadow grasslands showed higher niche breadth indices than grazing plots after enclosure treatment.The effect of the enclosure was more obvious in temperate steppe and mountainous meadow grasslands.Compared to freely grazing areas,temperate steppe grassland Shannon-Wiener,Patrick,Pielou,and Simpson indices increased significantly by 31.81%~90.80%(P<0.05)after enclosure.These results indicated that enclosure treatment had the best effect in temperate steppe grassland.In conclusion,enclosure for 10 years can promote vegetation restoration of steppe and mountain meadow grasslands but inhibits vegetation restoration of desert grassland.Thus,the responses of different grassland types to fencing can differ significantly.The study findings highlight that in the governance and restoration of degraded grassland,reasonable enclosure measures should be formulated in combination with various factors,such as vegetation type and vegetation growth environment,to achieve a better enclosure effect.

关 键 词：围栏封育 草地类型 植物经济类群 植物群落多样性 生态位宽度 生态位重叠 

分 类 号：S812[农业科学—草业科学]