种植7种牧草对北疆盐碱地土壤改良效果的评价  

Soil improvement effect of planting seven gramineous plants in saline-alkali soil in the northern Xinjiang

作　　者：杜艺 张玉林 张志浩 李向义[1,2,3] 李磊 柴旭田[1,2,3,4] 曾凡江 DU Yi;ZHANG Yulin;ZHANG Zhihao;LI Xiangyi;LI Lei;CHAI Xutian;ZENG Fanjiang(Xinjiang Desert Plant Roots Ecology and Vegetation Restoration Laboratory/Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Urumqi 830011,Xinjiang,China;State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology/Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Urumqi 830011,Xinjiang,China;Cele National Station of Observation and Research for Desert-Grassland Ecosystem,Cele 848300,Xinjiang,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;College of Ecology and Environment,Xinjiang University,Urumqi 830046,Xinjiang,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所/新疆荒漠植物根系生态与植被修复重点实验室,新疆乌鲁木齐830011 [2]中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所/荒漠与绿洲生态国家重点实验室,新疆乌鲁木齐830011 [3]新疆策勒荒漠草地生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站,新疆策勒848300 [4]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [5]新疆大学生态与环境学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830046

出　　处：《草业科学》2023年第5期1210-1219,共10页Pratacultural Science

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金(2021D01D02)。

摘　　要：荒漠土地盐碱化已成为荒漠绿洲可持续发展的限制性因素。本研究于2021年5月10日在新疆北部野马繁殖研究中心种植稗草(Echinochloa crusgalli)、燕麦(Avena sativa)、苏丹草(Sorghum sudanense)、高丹草(Sorghum bicolor×S.sudanense)、墨西哥玉米草(Purus frumentum)、健宝(S.bicolor‘Jumbo’)和甜高粱(S.dochna)改良盐碱地,分别于2021年7月14日(第60天刈割)、2021年8月3日(第80天刈割)和2021年8月24日(第100天刈割)采收所有地上植物和并采集土壤样品测定分析,评价7种禾本科植物对土壤盐渍化的改良效果。结果表明,随着刈割时间的延长,稗草、燕麦、高丹草、墨西哥玉米草和甜高粱饲草的钾离子和钠离子含量无显著差异(P>0.05)。稗草的钙离子含量呈增加趋势,氯离子含量呈下降趋势;燕麦的硫酸根离子和镁离子含量呈下降趋势;苏丹草的钾离子含量呈显著先下降后增加趋势(P<0.05),氯离子和镁离子含量呈下降趋势;高丹草的钙离子含量呈显著先下降后增加趋势(P<0.05),硫酸根离子含量呈显著下降趋势;墨西哥玉米草的镁离子含量在第80天刈割显著最低;健宝的镁离子含量呈显著下降后增加趋势(P<0.05);甜高粱的钙离子含量呈下降趋势。除墨西哥玉米草外,其他6种饲草土壤的氯离子、钠离子和硫酸根离子含量呈下降趋势。稗草、燕麦、健宝和高丹草土壤的碳酸氢根离子含量呈增加趋势,甜高粱土壤碳酸氢根离子含量呈先增加后下降趋势,苏丹草和墨西哥玉米草土壤的碳酸氢根离子含量没有显著差异(P>0.05)。7种禾本科饲草离子含量的盐碱地改良效果排序为稗草>高丹草>燕麦>健宝>苏丹草>墨西哥玉米草>甜高粱;7种禾本科饲草土壤离子含量的盐碱地改良效果排序为健宝>高丹草>墨西哥玉米草>甜高粱>稗草>燕麦>苏丹草。综合考虑,健宝和高丹草适宜作为北疆风沙区盐碱地土壤改良的禾本科饲草。Desert soil salinization restricts the sustainable development of the desert oasis.In this study,we evaluated whether the plantation of seven gramineous plants in a desert oasis improved soil salinization.Echinochloa crusgalli,Avena sativa,Sorghum sudanense,S.hybrid sudangrass,Purus frumentum,S.bicolor‘Jumbo’,and S.dochna were planted on May 10,2021.The aboveground plants and soil samples were collected on July 14,August 3 and August 24,2021(60,80,and 100 days after seed sowing,respectively)for analysis.The results revealed no significant difference in the potassium ion and sodium ion contents in the forage grass of E.crusgalli,A.sativa,Sorghum bicolor×S.sudanense,P.frumentum,and S.dochna(P>0.05).The calcium ion content in forage grass of E.crusgalli showed an increasing trend,whereas the chloride ion content showed a decreasing trend;the contents of sulfate ions and magnesium ions of forage grass of A.sativa showed a downward trend,the potassium ion content in forage grass of S.sudanense decreased first and then increased(P<0.05),and the chloride ion and magnesium ion contents decreased.The calcium ion content in the forage grass of S.hybrid sudangrass first decreased and then increased(P<0.05),whereas sulfate ion content significantly decreased.The magnesium ion content of forage grass of P.frumentum was the lowest at 80 days after seed sowing(P<0.05).The magnesium ion content of the forage grass of S.bicolor‘Jumbo’decreased significantly and then increased,and the calcium ion content of the forage grass of S.dochna decreased.Except for P.frumentum,the chloride ion,sodium ion,and sulfate ion content in the soil of six forage species decreased.The bicarbonate ion content in the soil of E.crusgalli,A.sativa,S.bicolor‘Jumbo’,and Sorghum bicolor×S.sudanense increased,and that in the soil of S.dochna first increased and then decreased.There was no significant difference in the bicarbonate ion content of soil between S.sudanense and P.frumentum(P>0.05).The order of improvement effect in the ion contents

关 键 词：禾本科 刈割时间 土壤性状 隶属函数值 土壤盐基离子 饲草盐基离子 

分 类 号：S156.4[农业科学—土壤学]