昆仑山沙区旱作紫花苜蓿根际/非根际土壤理化性质及真菌群落特征  

Physicochemical properties and fungal community characteristics of dry-cultivated alfalfa rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils in the sandy area of Kunlun Mountains

作　　者：陈永成 李肖 蔡宜东 郭志国 张凡凡[1] 马春晖[1] CHEN Yongcheng;LI Xiao;CAI Yidong;GUO Zhiguo;ZHANG Fanfan;MA Chunhui(School of Animal Science and Technology,Shihezi University,Shihezi 832000,Xinjiang,China;Xinjiang Tianwu Ecological Environmental Protection Co.,Ltd.,Urumqi 830000,Xinjiang,China)

机构地区：[1]石河子大学动物科技学院,新疆石河子832000 [2]新疆天物生态环保股份有限公司,新疆乌鲁木齐830000

出　　处：《草业科学》2023年第5期1232-1242,共11页Pratacultural Science

基　　金：财政部和农业农村部“国家现代农业产业技术体系项目(CARS)”;师市重点领域科技攻关项目(KY2022GG07);乌鲁木齐高新区(新市区)博士后科研项目“南疆高海拔地区苜蓿专用菌肥研发及应用”。

摘　　要：以昆仑山沙区紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)根际与非根际(0-40 cm)土壤为研究对象,基于高通量测序技术分析真菌群落结构及多样性与土壤理化性质的关系,以揭示紫花苜蓿种植对该区域土壤生态的潜在影响。土壤理化性质分析结果表明:根际土壤含水量、全氮、碱解氮、速效钾和有机质含量整体均显著高于非根际(P<0.05)。通过对20个土壤样品进行高通量测序,共检测到12门40纲91目190科384属625种1487个操作性分类单元(OTUs)。根际土壤群落丰富度和多样性整体低于非根际。子囊菌门(Ascomycota)和担子菌门(Basidiomycota)为共有优势菌门;赤霉菌属(Gbberella)、Filobasidiu和Naganishia为共有优势菌属。枝孢属(Cladosporium)、链格孢属(Alternaria)和刺孢属(Phaeomycocentrospora)是非根际真菌群落的关键类群;Naganishia、Vishniacozyma、Cystofilobasidium、赤霉菌属和镰孢菌属(Fusariella)是根际真菌群落的关键类群。冗余分析表明土壤有效磷、有效钾、碱解氮和电导率是影响土壤真菌群落分布的关键因素。赤霉菌属与土壤电导率和土壤有机质具有显著相关性(P<0.05),Naganishia、Vishniacozyma和Cystofilobasidium与土壤有机质、速效钾和碱解氮具有显著相关性(P<0.05),链格孢属与枝孢属与土壤全磷、有效磷、土壤含水量和全氮具有显著相关性(P<0.05)。综上,昆仑山沙区紫花苜蓿种植通过提高土壤养分在根际的富集以及促进有益真菌丰度,以达到促进土壤生态环境的稳定。The potential impact of alfalfa planting on soil ecology in the Kunlun mountain sand area is unclear,therefore this study was aimed at understanding the soil ecology of this area by analyzing alfalfa in the rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere(0-40 cm)using high-throughput sequencing technology.This analysis was conducted on 20 soil samples,and 1487 operational taxonomic units(OTUs)belonging to 625 species,384 genera,190 families,190 orders,40 classes,12 phyla were detected.It also showed the relationship between fungal community structure and diversity,as well as the physical and chemical properties of the soil.Analysis of soil physical and chemical properties indicated that the water content,total nitrogen,available nitrogen,available potassium and organic matter in the rhizosphere were significantly higher than those in the non-rhizosphere(P<0.05).The richness and diversity of the rhizosphere soil community are lower than those of the nonrhizosphere.Ascomycota and Basidiomycota are the common dominant phylum;Gbberella,Filobasidiu and Naganishia are the common dominant genera.Cladosporium,Alternaria and Phaeomycocentrospora are the key groups of non-rhizosphere fungal communities.Naganishia,Vishniacozyma,Cystofilobasidium,Gibberella and Fusariella are the key groups of rhizosphere fungi community.Redundancy analysis showed that soil available phosphorus,potassium,nitrogen and electrical conductivity were the key factors affecting the distribution of soil fungal communities.There is a significant correlation between fungi and soil electrical conductivity and soil organic matter(P<0.05),Naganishia,Vishniacozyma and Cystofilobasidium with soil organic matter,available potassium and available nitrogen(P<0.05),and Alternaria and Cladosporium with soil total phosphorus,available phosphorus,soil water content and total nitrogen(P<0.05).In conclusion,alfalfa planting in the Kunlun Mountain sand area can promote the stability of the soil ecological environment by increasing the enrichment of soil nutrients in the rhizosphere

关 键 词：高海拔 沙化地区 根际 土壤肥力 紫花苜蓿 真菌 群落结构 

分 类 号：S541.9[农业科学—作物学]