无芒雀麦幼穗分化及种子产量对种植密度的响应  

Response of young spike differentiation and seed yield to planting density in Bromus inermis

作　　者：陈映霞 杜雨 于秀明 张磊 王玉祥 张博[1] 陆倩 汪鹏 CHEN Yingxia;DU Yu;YU Xiuming;ZHANG Lei;WANG Yuxiang;ZHANG Bo;LU Qian;WANG Peng(College of Grassland Science,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,Xinjiang,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学草业学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830052

出　　处：《草业科学》2023年第5期1358-1367,共10页Pratacultural Science

基　　金：财政部和农业农村部“国家现代农业产业技术体系项目(CARS-34)”。

摘　　要：以‘乌苏1号’无芒雀麦(Bromus inermis‘Wusu No.1’)为材料,研究了3种密度(高密度:播量26.67 kg·hm^(−2);中密度:播量6.67 kg·hm^(−2);低密度:播量1.67 kg·hm^(−2))下无芒雀麦产量及穗部生长发育规律,为无芒雀麦种子田合理密植提供参考依据。结果表明,中密度与低密度处理之间幼穗分化进程一致,高密度处理下幼穗分化周期晚于其他处理3 d。单位面积内不同农艺性状中分蘖数与生殖枝数在高密度中最高(P<0.05),单花序小花数、单花序种子数、单花序小穗数、穗长、结实率与千粒重在低密度中最高(P<0.05),但种子产量在中密度处理中最高(P<0.05),且种子产量与单花序小花数、千粒重为极显著正相关(P<0.01)。幼穗分化过程中高水平的细胞分裂素(CTK)与赤霉素(GA)含量促进幼穗分化,分化后期低水平脱落酸(ABA)含量促进小花发育,提高小花数。对无芒雀麦幼穗分化进程中相关生理指标进行灰色关联度分析,影响无芒雀麦幼穗分化进程由高到低依次为CTK、GA、叶片可溶性蛋白、ABA。In order to investigate the effect of densities on yield factors and spike growth,we use Bromus inermis‘Wusu No.1’as the material,and established three densities of sowing treatments(high density:sowing rate 26.67 kg·ha^(−1);medium density:sowing rate 6.67 kg·ha^(−1);low density:sowing rate 1.67 kg·ha^(−1)),which provided reference for the rational dense planting of B.inermiss seed field.The results showed that the differentiation process of young spikes was consistent between the medium density and low density treatments,and the differentiation cycle of young spikes in the high density treatment was 3 days later compare to the other treatments.Among the different agronomic traits,the number of tillers and reproductive branches were the highest in the high density treatment(P<0.05),number of floret per inflorescence,number of seeds per inflorescence,number of spikelet per inflorescence,spike length,the seed setting rate and the thousand-grain weight were the highest in the low density treatment(P<0.05).But the seed yield was highest in the middle treatment(P<0.05),and the seed yield shows a extremely significant positive correlation with the number of flower per inflorescence and thousand-grain weight(P<0.01).High levels of cytokinin and gibberellin content promoted the differentiation of young spikes during the differentiation of young spikes,and low levels of abscisic acid content in the later stage of differentiation was beneficial to promote the development of florets and improve flowers.The gray correlation analysis was carried out on the relevant physiological indicators in the differentiation process of the young spike of B.inermiss,and the order of influence of the differentiation process of the young spike of B.inermiss from high to low was cytokinin,gibberellin,leaf soluble protein,and abscisic acid.

关 键 词：无芒雀麦 密度 幼穗分化 内源激素 产量性状 相关性分析 灰色关联度 

分 类 号：S543.9[农业科学—作物学]