赤霉素和细胞分裂素对狗牙根分蘖芽形态结构的影响  

Effects of gibberellin and cytokinin on the tillers bud morphology of Cynodon dactylon

作　　者：张海燕 孙雪 于辉[1,2,3] 孙强 周乐 张延辉 ZHANG Haiyan;SUN Xue;YU Hui;SUN Qiang;ZHOU Yue;ZHANG Yanhui(College of Grassland Sciences,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,Xinjiang,China;Key Laboratory of West Arid Region Grassland Resources and Ecology,Urumqi 830052,Xinjiang,China;Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources and Ecology of Xinjiang,Urumqi 830052,Xinjiang,China;Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Grassland Station,Urumqi 830049,Xinjiang,China;Kashgar Prairie Station,Kashgar 844599,Xinjiang,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学草业学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830052 [2]西部干旱荒漠区草地资源与生态实验室,新疆乌鲁木齐830052 [3]新疆草地资源与生态重点实验室,新疆乌鲁木齐830052 [4]新疆维吾尔自治区草原总站,新疆乌鲁木齐830049 [5]喀什地区草原站,新疆喀什844599

出　　处：《草业科学》2023年第5期1368-1377,共10页Pratacultural Science

基　　金：自治区重点实验室项目(2023D04039)。

摘　　要：分蘖是禾本科植物的生物学特征,分蘖数是草坪草密度评价的关键指标之一。狗牙根(Cynodondactylon)是一种连续分蘖的禾本科草坪草,分蘖促进产生新枝,对于狗牙根草坪迅速返青、形成致密的草坪具有重要的作用。目前有关狗牙根分蘖还没有深入的研究报道,本研究以‘新农1号’狗牙根(‘Xinnong No.1’)为材料,分别喷施1μmol·L^(-1)赤霉素(GA3)和细胞分裂素(6-BA),对分蘖芽的形成进行组织切片,分析解剖结构和表型。结果显示:狗牙根在三叶期形成分蘖原基,在八叶期形成新的分蘖芽后突破母茎;喷施GA3和6-BA使狗牙根形成分蘖芽时间提前,GA3处理分蘖芽提前5 d在七叶期形成,6-BA处理分蘖芽提前8 d在六叶期形成;同时喷施两种激素狗牙根分蘖数和根长均增加,且6-BA处理后分蘖数增加最多,是对照的1.18倍。通过对不同激素处理下分蘖芽形成叶期的解剖结构观察,发现无论表皮厚度、皮层厚度,还是维管束直径均表现为6-BA>GA3>CK,且在6-BA处理下是GA3处理的1.28倍、2.33倍、1.34倍。研究结果表明,在狗牙根分蘖初期喷施6-BA促进分蘖芽生长发育效果优于喷施GA3。Tillering is a biological characteristic of graminaceous plants,and the number of tillers is one of the key indicators of turfgrass density.Cynodon dactylon is a continuous tillering grass of the grass family.Tillering promotes the production of new branches and plays an important role in the rapid regeneration and formation of dense lawns.In this study,C.dactylon‘Xinnong No.1’was sprayed with 1μmol·L^(−1) gibberellin(GA3)and cytokinin(6-BA),respectively,to analyze the formation of tiller buds in tissue sections,anatomical structures,and phenotypes.The results showed that the tiller base was formed at the three-leaf stage and new tiller buds were formed at the eight-leaf stage before breaking through the mother stem.The tiller buds formed 5 d earlier at the seventh leaf stage in the GA3 treatment and 8 d earlier at the sixth leaf stage in the 6-BA treatment.The number of tillers and root length increased with both hormone sprays;the number of tillers increased the most with the 6-BA treatment compared to that with the CK by 1.18 times.By observing the anatomical structure of the tiller buds at the leaf formation stage under different hormone treatments,it was observed that in epidermal thickness,cortical thickness,and vascular bundle diameter,6-BA>GA3>CK;moreover,these characteristics were 1.28 times,2.33 times,and 1.34 times more under the 6-BA treatment than in the GA3 treatment.The results showed that the spraying of 6-BA at the early stage of dog root tillering was better than the spraying of GA3 in promoting the growth and development of the tiller buds.

关 键 词：‘新农1号’狗牙根 赤霉素 细胞分裂素 分蘖芽 顶端优势 石蜡切片 解剖结构 

分 类 号：S688.4[农业科学—观赏园艺]