基于DCA和CCA分析博州草原优势蝗虫与生态因子的关系  

Associations between grasshoppers and environmental factors analyzed using detrended correspondence analysis and canonical correspondence analysis in Bortala Mongol Autonomous Prefecture,Xinjiang

作　　者：李金星 管廷贤 布仁代 李荣才 靳茜 道尔洪·毕亚克 张希永 刘兴义 任金龙 赵莉 LI Jinxing;GUAN Tingxian;Burendai;LI Rongcai;JIN Xi;Dorhong·Biyak;ZHANG Xiyong;LIU Xingyi;REN Jinlong;ZHAO Li(Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Safe Prevention and Control of Agricultural and Forestry Pests/College of Agriculture,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,Xinjiang,China;Grassland Workstation,Bole 833400,Xinjiang,China;Grassland Workstation,Jinghe County,Jinghe 833300,Xinjiang,China;Grassland Workstation,Bortai Mongol Autonomous Prefecture,Bole 833400,Xinjiang,China;Grassland Workstation,Wenquan County,Wenquan 833500,Xinjiang,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学农学院/农林有害生物监测与安全防控重点实验室,新疆乌鲁木齐830052 [2]博乐市草原工作站,新疆博乐833400 [3]精河县草原工作站,新疆精河833300 [4]新疆博尔塔拉蒙古自治州草原工作站,新疆博乐833400 [5]温泉县草原工作站,新疆温泉833500

出　　处：《草业科学》2023年第5期1378-1386,共9页Pratacultural Science

基　　金：博州草原生态修复项目。

摘　　要：蝗虫是新疆天然草地的重要害虫,其丰度受植被覆盖度、植被种类组成和海拔等多种生态因子影响。综合研究植被特征和环境因子能够较好地解释蝗虫和生境间的适应性。基于博州7种草地类型优势蝗虫分布和组成的研究结果,获取相关数据,进一步利用除趋势对应分析法(DCA)和典范对应分析法(CCA)分析蝗虫丰度与10个生态因子间关系,以明确植被(群落特征、覆盖度和优势植被种类组成)和海拔对蝗虫丰度的影响。结果表明:海拔、植被覆盖度、植被群落的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和Simpson优势度指数在草地类型间差异显著(P<0.05)。豆科植物优势度在低地草甸、温性荒漠、温性草原化荒漠、温性荒漠草原、温性草原、温性草甸草原和山地草甸间无显著差异(P>0.05),菊科、禾本科、藜科和其他科植物优势度在前6种草地类型间存在显著性差异(P<0.05)。基于CCA分析表明海拔和覆盖度对蝗虫丰度影响较大,植物群落均匀度对蝗虫丰度影响最小。基于DCA分析将25种蝗虫分为6个群落(群落Ⅰ~Ⅵ),其中群落Ⅰ和群落Ⅱ主要分布于荒漠类草地类型,其丰度受藜科植物优势度较大;群落Ⅲ~Ⅴ主要分布于草原草甸类,其丰度受豆科和禾本科植物优势度影响较大;群落Ⅵ主要分布于低地草甸中。整体而言影响蝗虫丰度的最为重要的生态因素是海拔,而影响6个群落丰度的重要生态因子不同,且与其所分布的草地有关。Grasshoppers are important pests of natural grasslands in Xinjiang and their abundance is influenced by various environmental factors such as vegetation cover,vegetation species composition,and elevation.A comprehensive study of vegetation characteristics and environmental factors can provide insight into the adaptations of the grasshoppers and their habitats.Based on the distribution and composition of the dominant grasshopper in seven grassland types in Bozhou,we analyzed the relationship between grasshopper abundance and ten ecological factors.Detrended correspondence analysis(DCA)and canonical correspondence analysis(CCA)were performed to clarify the influence of vegetation(community characteristics,cover,and composition of dominant vegetation species)and elevation on grasshopper abundance.The results showed that elevation,vegetation cover,Shannon-Wiener diversity index,and Simpson dominance index of vegetation communities significantly differed among grassland types(P<0.05).The dominance of Leguminosae did not differ significantly(P>0.05)among lowland meadows,temperate deserts,temperate steppe deserts,temperate desert grasslands,temperate grasslands,temperate meadow grasslands,and montane meadows,whereas Compositae,Gramineae,Chenopodiaceae,and other families showed some differences in dominance among grassland types.The dominance of Compositae,Gramineae,Chenopodiaceae,and other families differed significantly(P<0.05)among grassland types.The CCA-based analysis showed that elevation and cover had the strongest effect on grasshopper abundance,whereas plant community evenness showed the weakest effect on grasshopper abundance.Based on the DCA analysis,25 grasshopper species were divided into six communities(communitiesⅠ–Ⅵ),among which communities I and II were mainly distributed in desert grassland types,and their abundance was influenced by the dominance of Quinoa;communitiesⅢ–Ⅴwere mainly distributed in grassland meadows and their abundance was influenced by the dominance of Leguminosae and Gramin

关 键 词：蝗虫群落 蝗虫丰度 植被群落 海拔 草地类型 

分 类 号：S812.6[农业科学—草业科学]