新疆草地生态健康智能监测网络体系构建  

The systematic construction of a smart network for ecological health observation of grassland in Xinjiang

作　　者：陈春波[1,2] 李刚勇 彭建 李均力 赵炎[4] 周乐 谭学周 范天文 CHEN Chunbo;LI Gangyong;PENG Jian;LI Junli;ZHAO Yan;ZHOU Le;TAN Xuezhou;FAN Tianwen(State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology/Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands,Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography/Chinese Academy of Sciences,Urumqi 830011,Xinjiang,China;Joint Laboratory for Remote Sensing Observation of Grassland Ecosystem in Arid Area,Urumqi 830049,Xinjiang,China;Xinjiang Grassland Technical Promotion Station,Urumqi 830049,Xinjiang,China;Grassland Work Station of Changji Prefecture,Changji 831100,Xinjiang,China;Grassland Work Station of Kashgar Prefecture,Kashgar 844000,Xinjiang,China;Grassland Work Station of Tacheng Prefecture,Tacheng 834700,Xinjiang,China;Grassland Work Station of Yili Prefecture,Yili 835000,Xinjiang,China)

机构地区：[1]荒漠与绿洲生态国家重点实验室/干旱区生态安全与可持续发展重点实验室/中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,新疆乌鲁木齐830011 [2]干旱区草地生态系统遥感监测实验室,新疆乌鲁木齐830049 [3]新疆维吾尔自治区草原总站,新疆乌鲁木齐830049 [4]昌吉州草原站,新疆昌吉831100 [5]喀什地区草原站,新疆喀什844000 [6]塔城地区草原工作站,新疆塔城834700 [7]伊犁州草原工作站,新疆伊宁835000

出　　处：《草业科学》2023年第5期1420-1434,共15页Pratacultural Science

基　　金：2020年自治区创新环境(人才、基地)建设专项“自然科学计划(自然科学基金)青年科学基金项目(2020D01B57)”;2020年自治区创新环境(人才、基地)建设专项(天山青年计划)(2020Q084);第三次新疆综合科学考察科考项目(2021xjkk1403);2022年中央财政林业草原(草原生态修复治理补助)技术支撑项目(XJCYZZ202201);2021年中央财政林业草原生态保护恢复资金(草原生态修复治理补助)(XJCYZZ202104);2020年第一批中央财政林业草原生态保护恢复资金(草原生态修复治理补助)(XJCYZZ202001、XJCYZZ202004)

摘　　要：针对新疆天然草地面积广、类型多与监测评价复杂的特征,本研究重点阐述了构建新疆草地生态健康智能网络监测的紧迫性(超载过牧导致荒漠化及其灾害频发)、总体技术框架以及实施途径。新疆草地生态健康智能监测网络系统,由3个子系统(草地生态健康监测、评估与预警)和1个云数据库(“星-空-地-土”一体化云数据)组成。草地生态健康监测子系统(物联感知系统),由感知层、传输层和数据中心组成,能够获取草地生物特征指标、生物物理指标与生态系统指标;草地生态健康评估子系统,一套草地生态健康评价综合体系用于快速、准确地定量评估草地生态健康状况;草地生态健康预警子系统,一种高度耦合草地生态健康感知与评估的智能化预警系统,致力于短期草地非生物灾害(旱灾、雪灾与火灾)与生物(鼠害、虫害、毒草与害草)灾害的预警。“星-空-地-土”一体化云数据,由星基、空基与地基协同的立体监测网络及其相关硬件、软件组成,实现了草地生态健康的智慧监测与多源数据汇总。草地生态健康智能监测网络系统的有效运转,需要政府政策支持、行业部门引导和专业的人才队伍建设。这对新疆草地绿色发展与高质量生态建设,尤其新疆生态安全与社会经济发展具有重大意义。Grasslands,which regulate the regional climate and maintain ecological balance,are a significant form of terrestrial ecosystem.Once the grassland ecology is damaged,ecological services are gradually lost and even degraded in the desert.Understanding grassland ecological health in a timely and accurate manner not only protects grassland ecology and implements carbon peak and carbon neutrality strategies but also ensures the livelihoods of pastoralists and provides an important foundation for promoting stable livestock development in pastoral areas.The ecological grassland protection issue has grown in importance,and grassland desertification has deteriorated in Xinjiang during the last 40 years.Climate change and unreasonable human activity are major drivers of grassland degradation,desertification,and biological disasters.Overall,the lack of professional and smart monitoring networks makes it difficult to quantify the ecological health of grasslands.In addition,there are few reports on the research of smart networks for the ecological health observation of grasslands in Xinjiang based on emerging technologies,such as big data,the Internet of Things,cloud computing,and artificial intelligence.Here,this study focuses on the emergency,the global technical framework,and the means of implementation of the monitoring of the ecological health network of grasslands in Xinjiang.This is based on wild areas,numerous types and complex monitoring and evaluation in the grassland of Xinjiang.This smart network comprised three sub-systems and 1 cloud database.These subsystems include the observation,evaluation,and early warming of grassland health.The cloud database is an integrated satellite-aerial-earth-soil monitoring system for grasslands.The grassland ecological health monitoring subsystem(IoT Perception System),which comprises perception,transmission,and data centers,can obtain grassland biometric,biophysical,and ecosystem indicators.The grassland ecological health assessment subsystem is a comprehensive system for the qui

关 键 词：天然草地 生态系统健康 监测-评估-预警智能网络 智慧草原 “星-空-地-土”立体监测 草地非生物灾害与生物灾害 

分 类 号：S812[农业科学—草业科学]