乌鲁木齐市城市周边荒漠草地演变分析及生态系统服务价值评估  

The evolution of desert grassland around Urumqi City and an evaluation of its ecosystem service value

作　　者：王生菊 李莹 靳瑰丽[1,2,3] 张勇娟[4] 魏秀红 刘文昊 宫珂 马建 刘智彪 李嘉欣 李超 WANG Shengju;LI Ying;JIN Guili;ZHANG Yongjuan;WEI Xiuhong;LIU Wenhao;GONG Ke;MA Jian;LIU Zhibiao;LI Jiaxin;LI Chao(College of Prataculture,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,Xinjiang,China;Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources and Ecology,Urumqi 830052,Xinjiang,China;Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources and Ecology in Arid Desert Areas of Western China,Ministry of Education,Urumqi 830052,Xinjiang,China;Urumqi Landscape Engineering Quality Supervision Station(Urumqi Forest and Grass Seedling Station),Urumqi 830092,Xinjiang,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学草业学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830052 [2]新疆草地资源与生态重点实验室,新疆乌鲁木齐830052 [3]西部干旱荒漠区草地资源与生态教育部重点实验室,新疆乌鲁木齐830052 [4]乌鲁木齐市园林工程质量监督站(乌鲁木齐市林草种苗站),新疆乌鲁木齐830092

出　　处：《草业科学》2023年第5期1435-1448,共14页Pratacultural Science

基　　金：乌鲁木齐市城市周边荒漠草地生态服务价值评定项目。

摘　　要：城市周边的荒漠草地承担着减少地表径流、抗风蚀、固碳等生态功能,加之受自身脆弱性和城市化的影响,其价值更易发生改变,评价其生态系统服务价值,对科学利用、规划和保护该类资源具有重要意义。因此,本研究选取乌鲁木齐市城市外围10 km范围内1990-2020年的荒漠草地作为研究区域,用生物量修订生态系统服务单价,实现生态服务价值在Landsat影像像元(30 m×30 m)上的空间异质性表达,在掌握草地面积、生物量变化规律的基础上,定量评价周边荒漠草地生态系统服务价值。结果表明:(1)31年内,城市周边荒漠草地面积整体呈减少趋势,减少了193.49 km^(2),动态度为−3.27%,主要转向建设用地。(2)草地生物量整体呈现波动式上升,到2020年生物量为198.06 g∙m^(-2)。(3)草地生态系统服务价值总体呈现波动式增加趋势,且2015年最高,为29.35亿元,2020年生态系统服务总价值为20.01亿元;距城市周边1~10 km范围内,草地生态系统服务价值表现出距离城市越近,服务价值越低。因此,31年来城市周边荒漠草地面积变化幅度较大,呈减少趋势,而生物量虽受到城市扩张的作用,但整体呈增加趋势,生态系统服务价值受本身草地面积和生物量的影响较小,主要受社会经济的影响。Desert grasslands around cities have ecological functions such as reducing surface runoff,resisting wind erosion,and sequestration of carbon,and their value is more likely to change due to their own vulnerability and urbanization.Evaluating the value of their ecosystem services is of great significance for the scientific utilization,planning,and protection of such resources.Therefore,this study selected desert grassland within 10 km outside Urumqi city from 1990 to 2020 as the study area,revised the unit price of ecosystem services with biomass,and realized the spatial heterogeneity expression of ecological service value on Landsat image pixels(30 m×30 m).Based on the understanding of the variation rules of grassland area and biomass,the ecosystem service value of surrounding desert grassland was quantitatively evaluated.The results showed:(1)During Over 31 years,the area of desert grassland around the city decreased by 193.49 km^(2),with a dynamic attitude of−3.27%,mainly turning to construction land.(2)The overall biomass of grassland showed a fluctuating increase;the biomass was 198.06 g∙m^(−2) in 2020.(3)The value of grassland ecosystem services generally showed a fluctuating and increasing trend;the highest value was CNY 2.935 billion in 2015,and the total value of ecosystem services was CNY 2.001 billion in 2020.Between 1 and 10 km from the city,the service value of the grassland ecosystem indicated that the closer the distance to the city,the lower the service value.Therefore,in the past 31 years,the area of desert grassland around the city has changed greatly and tended to decrease.Although the biomass was affected by urban expansion,it tended to increase.The ecosystem service value was less affected by the area and biomass of grassland,but mainly affected by social economy.

关 键 词：荒漠草地 草地生物量 草地生态系统 生态系统服务 评估 城市周边 

分 类 号：S812[农业科学—草业科学]