我国独居老年人失能状况及其影响因素分析  

Disability status and its influencing factors among elderly people living alone in China

作　　者：王彬[1] 周宇[2] 杜茂林 石锦浩 沈卓捷 孙金海[4] 袁磊[4] WANG Bin;ZHOU Yu;DU Mao-lin;SHI Jin-hao;SHEN Zhuo-jie;SUN Jin-hai;YUAN Lei(Office of Teaching Affairs,Naval Medical University(Second Military Medical University),Shanghai 200433,China;Office of Scientific and Academic Research,Naval Medical University(Second Military Medical University),Shanghai 200433,China;Department of Office,Naval Medical University(Second Military Medical University),Shanghai 200433,China;Department of Health Management,Faculty of Health Services,Naval Medical University(Second Military Medical University),Shanghai 200433,China)

机构地区：[1]海军军医大学(第二军医大学)教务处,上海200433 [2]海军军医大学(第二军医大学)科研学术处,上海200433 [3]海军军医大学(第二军医大学)办公室,上海200433 [4]海军军医大学(第二军医大学)卫生勤务学系健康管理学教研室,上海200433

出　　处：《海军军医大学学报》2023年第6期706-711,共6页Academic Journal of Naval Medical University

基　　金：国家社会科学基金(2022-skjj-c-033);军队双重学科建设项目-03。

摘　　要：目的分析我国独居老年人的失能状况及其影响因素。方法基于2018年中国老年人健康影响因素调查项目的调查结果,纳入1854名独居老年人的数据,采用Kata量表判断老年人的失能状况。采用χ2检验分析独居老年人失能状况的分布特征,利用二分类logistic回归模型分析独居老年人失能的影响因素。结果13.86%(257/1854)的独居老年人出现失能。单因素分析显示,失能的独居老年人和未失能的独居老年人在年龄、BMI、吸烟状况、饮酒状况、规律锻炼情况、自评健康状况和年度体检情况等指标分布的差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析显示,年龄≥80岁(OR=2.554)、睡眠时长<4.0 h(OR=2.460)是独居老年人失能的危险因素,规律锻炼(OR=0.637)、自评健康较好(OR=0.593)和参加年度体检(OR=0.698)是独居老年人失能的保护因素。结论独居老年人的失能状况受多种因素的影响,其发生率低于整体老年人的水平。Objective To analyze the disability status and its influencing factors among elderly people living alone in China.Methods Based on the data obtained from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey in 2018,a total of 1854 elderly people living alone were included in this study.The disability status of the subjects was evaluated using Kata scale,and the distribution patterns of disability status were analyzed usingχ2 test.Furthermore,binary logistic model was used to identify the factors influencing the disability status of elderly people living alone.Results The prevalence of disability among the elderly people living alone was 13.86%(257/1854).The results of the univariate analysis indicated that there were significant differences in age,body mass index,smoking,drinking,regular exercise,self-rated health,and annual physical examination between disabled elderly people and non-disabled elderly people(all P<0.05).The logistic regression analysis showed that age≥80 years old(odds ratio[OR]=2.554)and sleep duration<4.0 h(OR=2.460)were risk factors of disability in the elderly people living alone,while regular exercise(OR=0.637),good self-rated health(OR=0.593),and participation in annual physical examination(OR=0.698)were protective factors.Conclusion The disability status of elderly people living alone is influenced by various factors,and the incidence of disability among this population is lower than that among the general elderly population.

关 键 词：老年人 独居 失能 影响因素 发生率 

分 类 号：R592[医药卫生—老年医学] R181.37[医药卫生—内科学]