不同生物炭种类和用量对镉胁迫下小麦幼苗光合特性和镉积累的影响  

Effects of different biochar types and dosages on photosynthetic characteristics and cadmium accumulation in wheat under cadmium stress

作　　者：朱秀红[1] 张梦霄 崔明康 张龙冲[1] 朱文瑾 孙珑之 茹广欣[1] ZHU Xiuhong;ZHANG Mengxiao;CUI Mingkang;ZHANG Longchong;ZHU Wenjin;SUN Longzhi;RU Guangxin(College of Forestry,Henan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou 450046,China)

机构地区：[1]河南农业大学林学院,河南郑州450046

出　　处：《河南农业大学学报》2023年第3期404-412,共9页Journal of Henan Agricultural University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31400367);河南省教学名师项目(21XM0413);大学生创新训练项目(202210466005)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究泡桐生物炭、玉米秸秆生物炭和竹炭的施用对镉(Cd)污染土壤中小麦幼苗生长参数、光合特性和镉积累特性的影响。【方法】以小麦为供试材料进行盆栽试验,试验设置10个处理,分别为不施用生物炭(CK)、施用不同比例的泡桐生物炭(PB)、玉米秸秆生物炭(CB)和竹炭(BC),各设置3个质量分数,即1%、5%、10%,分别记为PB1%、PB5%、PB10%、CB1%、CB5%、CB10%、BC1%、BC5%、BC10%。【结果】施用生物炭整体上提高了小麦幼苗的各项生长指标,但PB10%处理相较于对照组降低了株高、根长、地上干质量和总生物量;施用泡桐生物炭降低了镉污染土壤中小麦幼苗的光合速率,在质量分数5%施用量下可以显著提升小麦幼苗的胞间二氧化碳体积分数和气孔导度;玉米秸秆生物炭在质量分数1%施用量下可以显著提升小麦幼苗的净光合速率、蒸腾速率和气孔导度,在质量分数10%施用量下,显著提升小麦幼苗的蒸腾速率;施用竹炭时净光合速率蒸腾速率气孔导度与对照组无显著差异,但是显著降低了胞间二氧化碳体积分数;PB10%处理时显著降低了小麦幼苗地上镉含量,不同处理均增加了小麦幼苗地下部位镉含量。玉米秸秆生物炭提高了富集系数,但是3种生物炭的施用都降低了转运系数。【结论】合理施用生物炭会促进镉污染土壤中小麦幼苗的生长,综合考虑质量分数1%施用量下的玉米秸秆生物炭的效果最好。施用泡桐生物炭未显著改变小麦幼苗镉富集系数,但所有施用量均显著降低了小麦幼苗镉转运系数,因此认为泡桐生物炭具有修复镉污染农田土壤的潜力,且质量分数10%的施用量下效果最好。【Objective】To study the effects of paulownia biochar,corn straw biochar and bamboo charcoal on growth parametersphotosynthetic characteristics,and cadmium accumulation characteristics of wheat seedlings in cadmium-contaminated soil.【Method】A pot experiment was conducted with wheat as the test material.A total of 10 treatments were set up in the experiment,which were no biochar(CK),Paulownia biochar(PB),corn straw biochar(CB)and bamboo charcoal(BC)with three different proportions(1%,5%,10%,recorded as PB1%,PB5%,PB10%,CB1%,CB5%,CB10%,BC1%,BC5%,BC10%).【Result】The application of biochar improved the growth indexes of wheat seedlings as a whole,but PB10%treatment reduced the plant height,root length,aboveground dry weight and total biomass compared with the control group.The application of paulownia biochar reduced the photosynthetic rate of wheat seedlings in Cd-contaminated soil,and significantly increased the carbon dioxide concentration and stomatal conductance of wheat seedlings at 5%application rate.Corn straw biochar could significantly increase the net photosynthetic rate,transpiration rate and stomatal conductance of wheat seedlings at 1%application rate,and significantly increase the transpiration rate of wheat seedlings at 10%application rate.There was no significant difference in net photosynthetic rate,transpiration rate and stomatal conductance between the bamboo charcoal application and the control group,but the carbon dioxide concentration was significantly reduced under the BC treatments.PB10%treatment significantly reduced the above-ground Cd content of wheat seedlings,and different treatments all increased the Cd content in underground of wheat seedlings.The corn straw biochar increased the enrichment coefficient,but the three biochar applications reduced the transport coefficient.【Conclusion】Reasonable application of biochar will promote the growth of wheat seedlings in Cd-contaminated soil,and the effect of corn straw biochar at 1%application rate is the best.The application of pau

关 键 词：小麦 镉积累 生物炭 光合特性 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]