水氮管理对银杏生长发育的影响研究  

Effects of Water and Nitrogen Management on the Growth and Development of Ginkgo biloba L

作　　者：刘惠珂 刘宝灿 Liu Huike;Liu Baocan(Zhengzhou Urban Landscape Science Research Institute,Zhengzhou,Henan 450000,China)

机构地区：[1]郑州市城市园林科学研究所,河南郑州450000

出　　处：《绿色科技》2023年第9期122-126,共5页Journal of Green Science and Technology

摘　　要：为探明不同水氮条件对银杏生长和生理特性的影响。设置了3个氮肥管理水平:土壤含水量为田间持水量的70%~80%(充分灌溉,W1);土壤含水量为田间持水量的50%~60%(轻度亏水,W2);土壤含水量为田间持水量的40%~50%(中度亏水,W3),设置3个氮素管理水平:0.5 g/kg(N1),1.5 g/kg(N2),2 g/kg(N3),共9个处理。测定了银杏生长、光合参数、氮代谢关键酶活性和根系生长变化特性。结果表明:随着灌水量的下降,银杏株高、地径、净光合速率、气孔导度和蒸腾速率逐渐降低,在充分灌溉和轻度亏水水平下,随着氮肥的增加,呈先升高后降低的趋势,在重度亏水下呈逐渐增加的趋势。亏水灌溉增加了银杏叶片可溶性蛋白和可溶性糖含量,银杏根长、根表面积、根体积和根尖数在轻度亏水下显著高于充分灌溉和中度亏水处理。可见,在轻度亏水条件下,有利于银杏根系的生长发育,在一定范围内,水分亏缺造成银杏幼苗的生长抑制可通过增施氮肥来弥补。To explore the effects of water and nitrogen conditions on the growth and physiological characteristics of Ginkgo biloba L.Methods Three nitrogen fertilizer management levels were set up:The soil water content is 70%to 80%of the field water capacity(fully irrigated,W1);The soil water content is 50%~60%of the field water capacity(slight water deficit,W2);The soil water content is 40%to 50%of the field water capacity(moderate water deficit,W3),and three nitrogen management levels are set:0.5 g/kg(N1),1.5 g/kg(N2),and 2 g/kg(N3).A total of 9 treatments are provided.The growth,photosynthetic parameters,key enzyme activities of nitrogen metabolism,and root growth characteristics of Ginkgo biloba L were measured.The results showed that with the decrease of irrigation amount,the plant height,ground diameter,net photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance,and transpiration rate of Ginkgo biloba L gradually decreased.Under full irrigation and light water deficit levels,with the increase of nitrogen fertilizer,it showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing.Under severe water deficit,it showed a trend of gradually increasing.Water deficit irrigation increased the content of soluble protein and soluble sugar in Ginkgo biloba L leaves.The root length,root surface area,root volume,and root tip number of Ginkgo biloba L under mild water deficit were significantly higher than those under full irrigation and moderate water deficit treatments.Results Therefore,under mild water deficit conditions,it is beneficial to the growth and development of Ginkgo biloba L roots.To a certain extent,the growth inhibition of Ginkgo biloba L seedlings caused by water deficit can be compensated by adding nitrogen fertilizer.

关 键 词：银杏 生长 发育 水氮 管理 

分 类 号：S792.95[农业科学—林木遗传育种]