智能驾驶数据治理框架研究  

Research on Intelligent Driving Data Governance Framework

作　　者：雍晨 YONG Chen

机构地区：[1]西南政法大学人工智能法律研究院

出　　处：《暨南学报（哲学社会科学版）》2023年第4期62-72,共11页Jinan Journal(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

基　　金：教育部哲学社会科学重大攻关项目“人工智能发展中的重大风险防范体系研究”(20JZD026)。

摘　　要：智能驾驶数据是智能驾驶汽车运行过程中收集、使用的数据,包括车内数据、路边环境数据以及智能车联数据。这些数据无论是基于个人信息保护还是国家安全立场,都存在风险防范与治理的必要。但是,智能驾驶数据体量巨大、主体多元、涉及权益复杂,传统主体赋权路径难以明确数据权属及各方权利义务分配,数据隐私与数据公开的矛盾在智能驾驶领域表现得尤为突出。对此,智能驾驶数据的治理框架需基于参与主体地位不对等、“知情同意”模式失效等场景特征,以“卡—梅框架”理论为指导,强调基于“数据与信息主体联系的强弱”,设置类别化的数据治理规则。具体而言,对主体指向明确的车内数据沿用“知情同意”规则;对结果可能指向个人的其他数据采取默认授权模式,但需要以数据控制者对个人信息保护的强制性义务为前提;对车边环境数据,重点关注数据中的国家安全风险,严格执行数据境内储存、跨境流动审查和对外公开限制的要求。The rapid development of intelligent driving industry has resulted in the threat of data security.Whether based on personal information protection or national security standpoint,the data risk of intelligent driving has the necessity of governance.However,the traditional path of property rights can not clearly define the ownership of data and the distribution of rights and obligations of all parties.Besides,intelligent driving is more prominent in the contradiction of data governance.Therefore,it is necessary to set foot in the specific field of intelligent driving and construct the rules of personal information protection and data governance framework.In the context of the unequal status of the data subject and the data controller and the failure of the informed consent model,the governance should refer to the"Calabrese-Melamed Framework"theory in the field of economics of law as the logical starting point,emphasizing the classification of data based on the"strength of the connection between data and information subject",and the allocation of property rules and liability rules.By doing so,the value of data security and public welfare shall be balanced.Finally,the governance of data needs to emphasize the setting of regulatory rules for data controllers,and the assistance of administrative power can realize the substantive balance of rights and obligations between data subjects and controllers.

关 键 词：数据治理 财产规则 责任规则 卡—梅框架 

分 类 号：D9[政治法律—法学]