劳动过程理论视阈下的零工劳动者权益保障问题研究——以短视频社交平台为例  

Research on the Protection of the Rights and Interests of Casual Workers from the Perspective of Labor Process Theory--Take the Short Video Social Platform as an Example

作　　者：徐景一[1] 赵慧 Xu Jing-yi;Zhao Hui

机构地区：[1]吉林大学马克思主义学院

出　　处：《经济学家》2023年第6期120-128,共9页Economist

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“新时代中国民营企业劳动关系协调机制创新研究”(18BKS086);吉林大学劳动关系专项研究课题“劳动过程理论视域下的新时代平台企业劳动关系协调路径研究”(2020LD009)。

摘　　要：基于技术控制、责任自治、制造同意的差异化管理策略,劳动过程理论经典作家构建了技术变迁背景下的劳动控制策略理论研究框架。本文在劳动过程理论视阈下,基于劳动控制策略研究框架,以短视频社交平台的劳动过程为例,考察平台的“算法控制、众包生产和制造同意”的劳动控制策略及其对零工劳动者权益保障问题的作用影响。研究发现:平台通过“千人千面”的内容分发算法和内容质量评估算法深化了对劳动过程的技术控制,单边决定平台利益分配格局,损害劳动者的经济权益;平台众包生产策略将弹性雇佣模式下的劳动关系置换为责任自治下的劳务合作模式,平台规避了企业社会保障责任,弱化了劳动者的社保权益;平台通过展示“赶超游戏”中头部主播的成功范式和示范效应,制造普通主播的“过度劳动”同意,损害劳动者职业健康权益。面对当前零工劳动者权益保障问题的变化与挑战,现行的法律法规、劳动权益保障制度存在着应对不足与制度效力受限的问题,应构建零工劳动者多元协作治理对策以解决上述现实问题:健全法律法规制度,补齐零工劳动者权益保障短板;提升治理主体效能,完善零工劳动者权益保障工作机制;促进社会共建共治,优化零工劳动者权益保障服务。Based on the differentiated management strategies of technical control,responsibility autonomy and manufacturing consent,classic writers of labor process theory have constructed a theoretical research framework of labor control strategies under the background of technological change.From the perspective of labor process theory,based on the research framework of labor control strategy,this paper takes the labor process of short video social platform as an example to investigate the labor control strategy of"algorithm control,crowdsourcing production and manufacturing consent"of the platform and its influence on the protection of the rights and interests of odd jobs.It is found that the platform deepens the technical control of the labor process through the"thousands of people and thousands of faces"content distribution algorithm and content quality evaluation algorithm,unilaterally determines the benefit distribution pattern of the platform,and harms the economic rights and interests of workers;Platform crowdsourcing production strategy replaces labor relations under flexible employment mode with labor cooperation mode under responsibility autonomy,which avoids corporate social security responsibility and weakens workers′social security rights and interests;By showing the successful paradigm and demonstration effect of the head anchor in the"catch-up game",the platform creates the"overwork"consent of the ordinary anchor and harms the occupational health rights and interests of workers.In order to solve the above problems,we should build a multi-cooperative governance strategy for the protection of the rights and interests of casual workers:improving the laws and regulations,filling in the shortcomings of the protection of the rights and interests of casual workers;Improving the efficiency of governance subjects and improving the working mechanism of safeguarding the rights and interests of casual workers;Promoting social co-construction and co-governance,and optimizing the protection services for the rights and

关 键 词：算法控制 众包生产 制造同意 零工劳动者 权益保障 

分 类 号：F061.1[经济管理—政治经济学]