论商业秘密法上的头脑知识规则  

On the Rule of Mind Knowledge Under Trade Secret Law

作　　者：梁志文[1,2] Liang Zhiwen

机构地区：[1]南京师范大学法学院 [2]南京师范大学中国法治现代化研究院

出　　处：《法学》2023年第6期99-113,共15页Law Science

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“创新驱动发展战略下知识产权公共领域问题研究”(项目编号:17ZDA138)的阶段性成果之一。

摘　　要：未签订竞业限制协议的离职员工有权使用其在工作中获得的知识、技能与经验(即头脑知识),它是协调商业秘密与劳动者权益保护的重要法律规则。商业秘密法促进了权利人与职工、合作伙伴之间秘密信息的共享,提升了经济效率和职工工作能力,但产生了信息共享困境。非此即彼的头脑知识与商业秘密二分法加剧了这一困境,降低了劳动自由的法律保障。头脑知识既包括职工从事某一行业所应该具有的一般知识、技能与经验,更包括富有创造力的高级专业人才的特殊知识、技能与经验。前者不具有秘密性,后者具有秘密性且与商业秘密产生了合并的效果。此时,头脑知识的范围须依据要素判断法作出综合认定。侵犯商业秘密的头脑知识抗辩应以职工行为合法、正当为核心,且应限于自主创业或在新单位正常履职所需这两种情形。The departing employees who have not signed a non-competition agreement should not be prevented from using their knowledge,skills and experience(i.e.Head Knowledge)they acquired during the course of their employment for the benefit of a competing employer.This is an important standard to balance the different interests between trade secrets and workers'rights.The trade secret law promotes the sharing of secret information between right holders,employees and partners,and improves economic efficiency and employees'working ability,but creates a dilemma in information sharing.Head Knowledge includes not only the general knowledge,skills and experience that employees should have to engage in a certain industry,but also the special knowledge,skills and experience of creative senior professionals.The former is not secretive,while the latter has a secret status but merging with trade secrets.Thus,the scope of Head Knowledge must be comprehensively determined by balancing five elements.The defense of Head Knowledge for infringement of trade secrets shall be determined through the legality and just of the employee's behavior,and shall be limited to the two situations which are necessary for self-employment or normal performance of duties for the new employer.

关 键 词：职工知识、技能与经验 商业秘密 劳动自由 隐性知识 合并规则 

分 类 号：D922.294[政治法律—经济法学]