孕育经验、女性技艺与本土传统——《高老庄》《秦腔》《孕妇和牛》《天香》的互文性研究  

Gestation,Female Skills and Local Traditions:An Intertextual Study on Gaolaozhuang,Qinqiang,,A Pregnant Woman and A Cow and Tianxiang

作　　者：王宇[1] Wang Yu

机构地区：[1]厦门大学中文系,福建厦门361005

出　　处：《南开学报（哲学社会科学版）》2023年第2期48-58,共11页Nankai Journal:Philosophy,Literature and Social Science Edition

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目(19ZDA276)。

摘　　要：女性与民族(本土)传统的关系是20世纪90年代以来中国文学不断触及的命题。20世纪90年代的《高老庄》(贾平凹)与《孕妇和牛》(铁凝),21世纪初年的《秦腔》(贾平凹)与《天香》(王安忆),即为此一命题的代表性个案。《高老庄》将女性的生育力设置成可能带来高老庄传统复兴的外在力量,《秦腔》则提供一个地方传统(秦腔)的女性守夜人形象,但女性经验却从没有进入叙事对“本土传统”的建构中。与此形成对照的是,《孕妇和牛》将女性孕育能力看作是文化传统再生产的内在力量,《天香》则以女性所传承、持守的地方小传统(刺绣)为支点,来重写中华精英传统(大传统)。《孕妇和牛》和《天香》代表着对女性与传统关系的几点全新理解,呈现了将女性的身体和文化经验植入本土传统建构的可能性。这样的“植入”,不仅意味着女性参与本土传统的赓续进程,也意味着对本土传统的重新定义,还意味着打捞被以往的“传统”省略的女性经验,可能要超越父性传统与女性之间压迫与屈从/反抗、大与小、上位与下位的二元对立模式,呈现两者间复杂多元的关系。The relationship between females and national traditions has been a significant subject in Chinese literature since the 1990s.Gaolaozhuang(高老庄by Jia Pingwa)and A Pregnant Woman and A Cow(孕妇和牛by Tie Ning)in the 1990s,as well as Qinqiang(秦腔by Jia Pingwa)and Tianxiang(天香by Wang Anyi)in the early 2000s,were typical cases for this.Gestation was described as the external force which could possibly recover the traditions in Gaolaozhuang and a figure of local traditional female thespian night-watchers(of Shanxi Opera)was portrayed in Qinqiang.But the female experiences did not appear in the narration about the construction of“local traditions".In contrast,gestation was taken as an internal force of the local traditions'reproduction in A Pregnant Woman and A Cow,and the small local tradition(embroidery)persistently inherited by females was held as a linchpin to rewrite the elite Chinese tradition(big tradition)in Tianxiang.A Pregnant Woman and A Cow and Tianxiang represented some new understandings about the relationship between females and traditions,and demonstrated the possibility to transplant the female bodies and cultural experiences into the construction of local traditions:such“transplantation"implied not only the continuing process in which females participated in local traditions but also the redefinition of local traditions;it also implied saving the female experiences ignored by past traditions and might surpass the binary model of oppression and subjection/resistance,large and small,upper and lower between paternal and female traditions,demonstrating complex and plural relationships between the two.

关 键 词：孕育经验 女性技艺 本土传统 

分 类 号：I207.42[文学—中国文学]