An efficient wear-leveling-aware multi-grained allocator for persistent memory file systems  

作　　者：Zhiwang YU Runyu ZHANG Chaoshu YANG Shun NIE Duo LIU 

机构地区：[1]State Key Laboratory of Public Big Data,College of Computer Science and Technology,Guizhou University,Guiyang 550000,China [2]College of Computer Science,Chongqing University,Chongqing 404100,China

出　　处：《Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering》2023年第5期688-702,共15页信息与电子工程前沿（英文版）

基　　金：Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62162011);the Doctor Funds of Guizhou University,China(Nos.2020(13)and 2022(44))。

摘　　要：Persistent memory(PM)file systems have been developed to achieve high performance by exploiting the advanced features of PMs,including nonvolatility,byte addressability,and dynamic random access memory(DRAM)like performance.Unfortunately,these PMs suffer from limited write endurance.Existing space management strategies of PM file systems can induce a severely unbalanced wear problem,which can damage the underlying PMs quickly.In this paper,we propose a Wear-leveling-aware Multi-grained Allocator,called WMAlloc,to achieve the wear leveling of PMs while improving the performance of file systems.WMAlloc adopts multiple min-heaps to manage the unused space of PMs.Each heap represents an allocation granularity.Then,WMAlloc allocates less-worn blocks from the corresponding min-heap for allocation requests.Moreover,to avoid recursive split and inefficient heap locations in WMAlloc,we further propose a bitmap-based multi-heap tree(BMT)to enhance WMAlloc,namely,WMAlloc-BMT.We implement WMAlloc and WMAlloc-BMT in the Linux kernel based on NOVA,a typical PM file system.Experimental results show that,compared with the original NOVA and dynamic wear-aware range management(DWARM),which is the state-of-the-art wear-leveling-aware allocator of PM file systems,WMAlloc can,respectively,achieve 4.11×and 1.81×maximum write number reduction and 1.02×and 1.64×performance with four workloads on average.Furthermore,WMAlloc-BMT outperforms WMAlloc with 1.08×performance and achieves 1.17×maximum write number reduction with four workloads on average.

关 键 词：File system Persistent memory Wear-leveling Multi-grained allocator 

分 类 号：TP333[自动化与计算机技术—计算机系统结构]