引清控浊:太湖东部溢流水利体系与潮水动态(10—15世纪)  

Diverting Clean Water and Controlling Turbidity:Overflow Water Conservancy System and Tidal Dynamics in the East of Taihu Lake(10th-15th Century)

作　　者：王建革[1] 许思佳 Wang Jiange;Xu Sijia(Center of Historical Geographical Studies,Fudan University,Shanghai 200433,China)

机构地区：[1]复旦大学历史地理研究中心,上海200433

出　　处：《复旦学报（社会科学版）》2023年第3期66-75,共10页Fudan Journal（Social Sciences）

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“9-20世纪长江中下游地区水文环境对运河及圩田体系的影响”(项目批准号:18ZDA178)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：太湖水流出吴江以后,长期以来形成以溢流系统为主的水网与圩田水利。溢流系统使东部高地与西部低地在进潮、落潮之间与太湖清水互动,使清水在太湖东部停留更多的时间,水稻种植和水网的各样功能得以充分发挥作用。中唐以后,太湖水利的建设者们利用了这一溢流系统,形成了整体水利网络。吴越时期,这一水利网络的结构和功能达到了高峰。随着吴淞江及其支河受淤,逐步发生了变化。早期的潮水以吴淞江为主体进行感潮,黄浦江替代吴淞江成为出水主干河道以后,整个体系以黄浦江为主体感潮。娄江和淀山湖地区水利与水流,在这种体系变换下发生了重大变化。北部沿江地区,由于长江河道的变化,淡水水流的下移,河流的感潮也发生了重大变化。随着水流的变动,闸坝体系和圩田规模也产生了一系列的变化。然而,整体的溢流体系仍然一直支持着太湖东部的稻作农业。The water network and polder water conservancy system characterized by overflow has been formed since the water from Taihu Lake flows out of the Wujiang River.This overflow system makes the eastern highlands and western lowlands interact with the clear water of Taihu Lake at the ebb and flow of tide,keeps the clear water in the eastern Taihu Lake for more time,and enables rice planting and various functions of water network.After the mid Tang Dynasty,the constructors of Taihu Lake water conservancy took advantage of this overflow system to form a complete water conservancy network.During the Wu and Yue Dynasties,the structure and function of this water conservancy network reached its peak.With the siltation of the Wusong River and its channels,it has gradually changed.In the early period,the Wusong River is the main body to sense the tide.After the Huangpu River replaced the Wusong River for main outlet channel,the whole system took Huangpu River as the main body to sense the tide.The water conservancy and flow in the Lou River and the Dianshan Lake have changed greatly under the transformation of system.In the northern area along the Yangtze River,due to the changes of the Yangtze River,and the downward movement of fresh water flow,channels to sense the tide has also undergone significant changes.With the change of water flow,a series of changes have taken place in the floodgate and dam system and the scale of polder fields.However,the overall overflow system still supports rice farming in the east of Taihu Lake.

关 键 词：太湖东部 潮水 水利 

分 类 号：TV21[水利工程—水文学及水资源]