中国城市资源空间错配:特征测度与时空演进  

Resource spatial misallocation of cities in China:Characteristic measurement and spatio-temporal evolution

作　　者：程开明[1] 于静涵 Cheng Kaiming;Yu Jinghan(School of Statistics and Mathematics,Zhejiang Gongshang University,Hangzhou 310018,Zhejiang,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江工商大学统计与数学学院,浙江杭州310018

出　　处：《地理科学》2023年第4期617-628,共12页Scientia Geographica Sinica

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目(20&ZD133)资助。

摘　　要：基于拓展的三要素空间一般均衡模型,测度2003一2018年中国地级以上城市资本、劳动力和土地资源空间错配程度,通过时空核密度和综合协调指数解析城市资源空间错配的集聚模式及协调度,以准确反映城市资源空间错配程度及时空演变规律。研究发现:样本期内不同资源的城市空间错配程度变动趋势差异明显。城市资本和劳动力空间错配持续改善,但土地空间错配先缓解后加剧,行政力量阻碍资源市场化流动是加剧土地错配的重要因素。②3种资源在城市间的空间集聚模式具有明显差异。城市资本和土地资源的空间配置具有强烈的区域偏向性和共聚性,相邻城市资源配置呈现高-高、低-低型正向集聚模式;户籍壁垒和非均等化公共服务阻碍城市劳动力自由流动,使得相邻城市劳动力配置呈现出高-低型负向集聚模式。③相邻城市在资本市场化改革和土地政策调整方面具有一致性,但城市之间劳动力错配的协调度呈恶化趋势;东北地区要素市场化改革协同性最低。研究结论为完善要素市场化配置体制机制、明晰城市层面资源配置的演化路径和优化策略提供了参考。Since the reform and opening up,China has gradually formed a more sound commodity market,but the reform of factor market allocation has lagged behind relatively.The markets for capital,labor,land and other factors of production are still not perfect,and the problem of resource allocation significantly affects the transformation of China's productive forces and production relations.Due to the significant differences in resource endowments in different regions and the restrictions on the free flow of factors by administrative barriers,the cost of factor flow and access to regions is high and resources cannot flow smoothly to advantageous locations.This leads to uneven resource allocation between regions and spatial misallocation of resources.The spatial misallocation of resources not only triggers competition for regional resources,intensifies local protectionism,and leads to more serious structural imbalances such as industrial structure convergence,duplication of major facilities construction and excessive market competition in various regions,but also aggravates problems such as urban traffic congestion,housing tension and environmental pollution due to unbalanced resource allocation.Therefore,a comprehensive and in-depth exploration of the characteristics of resource misallocation in China and its spatial and temporal evolution pattern is of great theoretical and practical significance for the government to re-examine the characteristics of factor mismatch,clarify the direction of optimising resource allocation and promote factor market-oriented reforms.To accurately reflect the spatial mismatch degree and spatial-temporal evolution law of city resources,this paper measures the mismatch degree of capital,labor,and land resources in cities at the prefecture level and above in China from 2003 to 2018 based on the extended three-factor spatial general equilibrium model.We use spatio-temporal kernel density and comprehensive coordination index to analyze the changing trend of city resources spatial mismatch,spatial

关 键 词：资源空间错配 核密度估计 聚集模式 协调指数 

分 类 号：F224.0[经济管理—国民经济] K902[历史地理—人文地理学]