海洋热浪多时间尺度变化特征与机理  

Multi-scale variations of marine heatwaves and its mechanisms

作　　者：梁坤明 邱云 周喜武 滕辉 林新宇 何宜军 Liang Kunming;Qiu Yun;Zhou Xiwu;Teng Hui;Lin Xinyu;He Yijun(School of Marine Sciences,Nanjing University of Information Science&Technology,Nanjing 210044,Jiangsu,China;Third Institute of Oceanography,Ministry of Natural Resources,Xiamen 361005,Fujian,China)

机构地区：[1]南京信息工程大学海洋科学学院,江苏南京210044 [2]自然资源部第三海洋研究所,福建厦门361005

出　　处：《地理科学》2023年第4期719-725,共7页Scientia Geographica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42130406);自然资源部第三海洋研究所基本科研业务费专项(海三科2022027,海三科2023018);亚洲合作资金项目(99950410);全球变化与海气相互作用(二期)专项资助项目(GASI-04-WLHY-01、GASI-04-WLHY-03)资助。

摘　　要：在系统梳理国内外海洋热浪相关研究文献的基础上,本文综述了海洋热浪季节、年际和年代际变化特征与长期变化趋势及其形成机理的主要研究进展。已有的研究表明:①由于夏季海洋混合层深度较浅,海表温度对海面加热过程更敏感,导致海洋热浪多发生于夏季且强度最强,冬季则相反。复杂的局地海洋与大气强迫也使得海洋热浪的季节变化具有显著的区域性特征。②海洋热浪的年际变化主要受厄尔尼诺-南方涛动(ENSO)和印度洋偶极子(IOD)等年际尺度海气耦合模态的影响,其中ENSO对海洋热浪的影响最为显著,其影响范围覆盖了全球大部分海域,IOD的影响主要集中在热带印度洋和热带太平洋,北大西洋涛动和大西洋纬向模态主要影响区域分别位于北大西洋和非洲西岸近海。③年代际太平洋涛动、太平洋十年涛动等低频气候波动对太平洋、热带大西洋以及东南印度洋海洋热浪的年代际变化具有重要作用。④海洋热浪长期变化趋势主要受人类活动的影响。全球气候模式的结果表明,在RCP8.5情景下,到2100年海洋热浪的强度将是RCP4.5的2倍,并且全球大部分海洋将陷入“永久性”的海洋热浪状态。最后,本文讨论了海洋热浪研究一些待解决的重要科学问题,并展望了未来可能的发展方向。Marine heatwaves are extremely warm sea surface temperature(SST)events that can last for several days to years and extend up to thousands of kilometers.Under the influence of various external forcings such as weather systems,air-sea coupling modes,and human activities,marine heatwaves have multi-time-scale variation characteristics.Reviewing the domestic and international main literatures,this paper reviews the main research progress on the seasonal,interannual and decadal variability and long-term trends of marine heatwave and its mechanisms.Existing studies have shown that:1)Due to the shallow depth of the mixed layer in summer,the SST is more sensitive to the surface heating process,which leads to the most intense marine heatwave in summer and the opposite in winter.the complex local oceanic and atmospheric forcing also makes the seasonal variability of marine heatwaves have significant regional characteristics.2)The interannual variability of marine heatwaves is mainly affected by interannual-scale coupled air-sea modes such as El Niño-Southern Oscillation(ENSO)and Indian Ocean Dipole(IOD).Among them,ENSO has the most significant impact on marine heatwaves,and its impact covers most of the world's oceans,including tropical Pacific Ocean,tropical Indian Ocean,the west coast of Australia,the Northeast Pacific Ocean and some parts of the Southern Ocean,through oceanic and atmospheric local or remote forcing.The influence of IOD is mainly concentrated in the tropical Indian Ocean and the tropical Pacific Ocean.Negative(Positive)IOD events cause the thermocline to become deeper(shallower)in the tropical southeastern Indian Ocean,weaken(enhance)the upwelling of coastal cold water,and then promote(inhibit)the occurrence of marine heatwaves.The main influenced areas of the North Atlantic Oscillation(NAO)and Atlantic Niño(ANINO)are located in the North Atlantic Ocean and the offshore west Africa,respectively.The negative phase of NAO causes large-scale warming of SST in the North Atlantic,which promotes the enhancem

关 键 词：海洋热浪 厄尔尼诺 印度洋偶极子 极端气候 

分 类 号：P732[天文地球—海洋科学]