日本农协合作金融体系的特点、现状及启示  

The Characteristics,Recent Development and Enlightenment of Japanese Agricultural Cooperative System

作　　者：曹斌[1] 冯兴元[2] 孟冰 CAO Bin;FENG Xing-yuann;MENG Bing

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院农村发展研究所合作经济研究中心 [2]中国社会科学院农村发展研究所 [3]中国社会科学院大学应用经济学院

出　　处：《农村金融研究》2023年第4期35-47,共13页Rural Finance Research

基　　金：中国社会科学院A类研究创新工程“农村金融服务体系建设及优化路径研究”(编号:2023NFSA02);中国社会科学院B类创新工程项目“面向共同富裕的农村基层组织创新研究(编号:2023NFSB02);中国社会科学院-日本学术振兴会国际合作研究项目“农业经营结构变化对农民合作社治理机制影响的中日对比研究”的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：论文梳理了日本农协合作金融体系的总体特点、金融业务类型与发展状况,以及金融业务运行的总体走势,并鉴于日本农协合作金融体系的发展经验提出了一些推动中国农村合作金融改革、健全中国农村金融服务体系的对策思考。研究发现,日本农协实行自治管理,其合作金融运作与成员的生产生活相互融合,金融服务内在于综合服务,信息对称度高,具有天然的系统性、封闭性、社区性和互助性;区域和全国层面的农协合作机构在对基层农协提供专业指导、协调管理农协内部金融服务、调剂资金和平衡风险诸方面发挥了重要作用,强化了系统稳定性,保证了整个运作的合规性和效率。这些特点都是农协合作金融体系的制度优势。日本的政策性金融机构以及农协本身向农协成员提供多种有担保的农业生产中长期贷款,而担保资金来源往往是农协的农业信用基金协会。这类机制对于促进农业基础设施和农业机械设施投资有着重要的意义。总体而言,日本农协合作金融服务体系对中国发展真正意义上、自下而上组织的合作金融组织和健全农村金融服务体系有着值得借鉴的部分。This paper reviews the general characteristics and financial services of cooperative finance of Japanese Agricultural Cooperatives,and puts forward some countermeasures to promote China's rural cooperative financial reform and improve China's rural financial service system.It is found that the Japanese Agricultural Cooperatives exceise self-governance,and their cooperative financial operations are integrated with the production and life of their members.The financial services are a part of internal comprehensive services,with high information symmetry,are systematic,self-closed,and community-based,and rely on mutual assistance.The regional associations and national federation of the Japanese Agricultural Cooepratives have played an important role in providing professional guidance to the grass-roots agricultural cooperatives,coordinating and managing their internal financial services,arranging acrossregional and national-level fund usage and balancing financial liquidity risks,which has strengthened the stability of the cooperative financial system and ensured the compliance and eficiency of the operations of this entire system.These characteristics are the institutional advantages of the cooperative financial system as part of the Japanese Agricultural Cooperative System.Japan's policybased financial institutions and the Japanese Agricultural Cooperative System itself provide a variety of secured medium-and long-term loans for agricultural production to JA members,ofen guaranteed by the Agricultural Credit fund Association within the JA System.Such mechanisms are important for promoting investment in agricultural infrastructure,agricultural machinery and other fixed assets.In general,experiences with the cooperative financial service system as part of the JA system have some positive implications for China's developing from bottom-up a real cooperative financial system and improving China's rural financial service system.

关 键 词：日本农协 合作金融体系 农村金融服务体系 

分 类 号：F832.35[经济管理—金融学]