常德市钉螺种群生态隔离机制的初步探析  

Preliminary study on the mechanism underlying the ecological isolation of Oncomelania hupensis populations in Changde City

作　　者：陈申 段磊 李胜明[2] 周杰[2] 周应彩[3] 杨远志 刘孟利 王艳仁 夏尚 许静 吕山 CHEN Shen;DUAN Lei;LI Shengming;ZHOU Jie;ZHOU Yingcai;YANG Yuanzhi;LIU Mengli;WANG Yanren;XIA Shang;XU Jing;LÜShan(National Institute of Parasitic Diseases,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention(Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research),Key Laboratory of National Health Commission on Parasite and Vector Biology,WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases,National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases,Ministry of Science and Technology,Shanghai 200025,China;Hunan Institute of Schistosomiasis Control,China;Changde Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Hunan Prov-ince,China;Health Bureau of Taoyuan County,Changde City,Hunan Province,China;Health Bureau of Hanshou County,Hunan Province,China;Health Department of Dingcheng District,Hunan Province,China;School of Global Health,Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research,Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine,Shanghai 200025,China)

机构地区：[1]中国疾病预防控制中心寄生虫病预防控制所(国家热带病研究中心)、国家卫生健康委员会寄生虫病原与媒介生物学重点实验室、WHO热带病合作中心、科技部国家级热带病国际联合研究中心,上海200025 [2]湖南省血吸虫病防治所 [3]湖南省常德市疾病预防控制中心 [4]湖南省桃源县卫生健康局 [5]湖南省汉寿县卫生健康局 [6]湖南省常德市鼎城区卫生健康局 [7]上海交通大学医学院-国家热带病研究中心全球健康学院,上海200025

出　　处：《中国血吸虫病防治杂志》2023年第2期147-154,共8页Chinese Journal of Schistosomiasis Control

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFC2300800,2021YFC2300804)。

摘　　要：目的 探索湖南省常德市沅江流域山丘型钉螺和湖沼型钉螺间是否存在生态隔离及其形成机制。方法 选取常德市桃源县、石门县、临澧县和澧县为山丘型钉螺采样点,选择澧县、津市市、西湖管理区、汉寿县和鼎城区(1、2、3号点)为湖沼型钉螺采集点,采集钉螺样本后对其细胞色素C氧化酶1(cytochrome C oxidase 1,cox 1)基因进行扩增和测序。使用MEGA 11软件对钉螺遗传序列进行比对和裁剪,采用DNASP 5.10.01软件分析钉螺样本单倍型,使用MrBayes 3.2软件构建贝叶斯系统进化树。采用Arlequin 3.5.2.2软件进行分子方差分析(analysis of molecular variance,AMOVA),分析遗传分化来源,计算群体间遗传分化指数(F_(ST));利用R软件adegenet工具包的Monmonier算法探寻11个钉螺种群之间的遗传隔离。将沅江河段“冬陆夏水”环境斑块按上下游分成两类,将上游和下游“冬陆夏水”区域转化为栅格数据后导入Fragstats 4软件,进行景观指标分析。基于数字高程模型提取沅江河段高程变化趋势,再用R软件实现其三维可视化。结果 对11个采样点165只钉螺样本的cox 1线粒体基因进行扩增和测序,获得152条有效基因序列,进一步测得46个单倍型或9个种群。桃源县山丘型钉螺与沅江下游鼎城区和汉寿县钉螺无共享单倍型。沅江河段上游“冬陆夏水”环境总面积为617.66 hm~2,由473个斑块组成,平均斑块面积约为1.31 hm~2、最大斑块面积指数为0.735 2、景观分裂指数为0.999 9、景观形状指数为45.293 7;下游“冬陆夏水”总面积为9 956.92 hm~2,斑块数为771个,平均斑块面积约为12.91 hm~2、最大斑块面积指数为97.839 9、景观分裂指数为0.042 7、景观形状指数为7.249 6。下游“冬陆夏水”面积远大于上游,景观连通性更强,且河床高程变化不明显,适宜钉螺孳生。结论 沅江上游水文和环境特征限制了钉螺孳生和传播,导致常德市桃源县山丘Objective To investigate ecological isolation between Oncomelania hupensis snail populations in hilly regions and marshland and lake regions in Yuanjiang valley,Changde City,Hunan Province,and to unravel its underlying mechanisms.Methods Taoyuan County,Shimen County,Linli County and Lixian County in Changdezhou City were selected as snail sam⁃pling sites in hilly regions,and Lixian County,Jinshi City,West Lake Administration District,Hanshou County and Dingcheng District were selected as snail sampling sites in marshland and lake areas.Cytochrome C oxidase 1(cox 1)gene was amplified in snail samples and sequenced.The genetic sequences of O.hupensis snails were aligned using the software MEGA 11,and the haplotypes of O.hupensis snails were determined using the software DNASP 5.10.01.The phylogenetic tree was generated using Bayesian inference with the software MrBayes 3.2,and analysis of molecular variance(AMOVA)was performed to analyze the source of genetic divergence and estimate the genetic divergence index(FST)among snail populations with the software Arlequin 3.5.2.2.The genetic barrier among 11 O.hupensis snail populations was estimated using the Monmonier algorithm of adegenet toolkit in R package.The settings with“land in winter and water in summer”in the Yuanjian River section were divided into two categories according to the upstream and downstream,and the areas with“land in winter and water in summer”in the upstream and downstream were transformed into raster data,and then loaded into the software Fragstats 4 for analysis of landscape indica⁃tors.The trends in changes of digital elevation were extracted from the Ruanjiang River section based on the digital elevation model,and made three⁃dimensional visualization using the R package.Results The mitochondrial cox 1 gene were amplified in 165 O.hupensis snais from 11 sampling sites and sequenced,and a total of 152 valid gene sequences were obtained,with 46 hap⁃lotypes or 9 populations determined.No haplotype was shared in snails between Tao

关 键 词：湖北钉螺 种群遗传 生态隔离 细胞色素C氧化酶1 沅江 常德市 

分 类 号：R383.24[医药卫生—医学寄生虫学]