高产春大豆冠层光合物质生产及转运特性研究  

Photosynthetic Materials and Production and Transport Characteristics of High-Yield Spring Soybean Canopy

作　　者：王瑞 朱文文 马腾武 张正 WANG Rui;ZHU Wenwen;MA Tengwu;ZHANG Zheng(Ili Prefecture Agricultural Science Research Institute,Yining 835000;Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Seed Industry Development Center,Urumchi 830000;Xinjiang Huaxia Agriculture Co.,Ltd,Urumchi 830000,China)

机构地区：[1]伊犁州农业科学研究所,新疆伊宁835000 [2]新疆维吾尔自治区种业发展中心,乌鲁木齐830000 [3]新疆华夏农业有限公司,乌鲁木齐830000

出　　处：《东北农业科学》2023年第2期13-17,共5页Journal of Northeast Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家麻类产业技术体系项目(CARS-16S20)。

摘　　要：为明确高产大豆冠层干物质积累及转运特性,以不同产量水平大豆品种为试材,研究了高产春大豆干物质时空分布,营养器官干物质转移量、转移率及对籽粒的贡献率。结果表明,石大豆2号和黑农63叶面积指数均在R4期达最大,R4至R7期,石大豆2号叶面积指数显著大于对照黑农63,主要是由下部和上部叶面积指数差异所导致。石大豆2号单株干物质积累快增期比黑农63多8.5 d,干物质在荚壳+籽粒中的分配比例高达60%,比黑农63高16.7%;两品种单株干物质转移量、转移率及对籽粒的贡献率均表现为:上部>中部>下部。石大豆2号下部、中部、上部单株干物质转移量、转移率均明显高于黑农63,下部、中部和上部干物质转移量分别比黑农63高79.6%、34.6%、28.3%,转移率分别比黑农63高64.8%、15.7%、7.2%。石大豆2号产量达5452.2 kg/hm^(2),比黑农63高1115.7 kg/hm^(2),主要是由于中上部单株荚数和粒数差异所导致。因此,在大豆生产过程中,在确保植株中上部荚粒的同时,兼顾植株冠层下部产量是大豆增产的关键。In order to clarify the dry matter accumulation and transport characteristics of high-yield soybean canopy,two soybean varieties were used as test materials.The samples were dried according to different parts and organs,and studied.Temporal and spatial distribution of dry matter of high-yield spring soybean,dry matter transfer of nutrient organs,transfer rate and contribution rate to grain.The results showed that the leaf area index of Shidadou2 and Heinong63 reached the maximum in the R4 stage,and the leaf area index of the Shidadou2 was significantly larger than that of the control Heinong63 in the R4 to R7 period,mainly due to the difference in leaf area index between the lower part and the upper part.The result is that the leaf area index of the two varieties is the largest,followed by the upper part and the lower part.The dry matter accumulation rate of Shidadou2 was 8.5 d higher than that of Heinong63.The distribution of dry matter in pod+grain was as high as 60%,16.7%higher than that of Heinong63.The amount of transfer,transfer rate and contribution rate to grain were all expressed as upper>middle>lower.The dry matter transfer rate and transfer rate of the lower,middle and upper parts of Shidadou2 were significantly higher than that of Heinong63,and the dry matter transfer of the lower,middle and upper parts was 79.6%,34.6%and 28.3%higher than that of Heinong63,respectively.The transfer rate was 64.8%,15.7%,and 7.2%higher than that of Heinong63,respectively.The highest yield of Shidadou2 was 5452.2 kg/ha,which was 1115.7 kg/ha higher than that of Heinong63,mainly due to the difference in pod number and grain number in the middle and upper parts.Therefore,in the soybean production process,while ensuring the upper and lower pods of the plant,taking into account the lower yield of the canopy of the plant is the key to increasing soybean yield.

关 键 词：大豆 物质生产 转移 高产 

分 类 号：S565.1[农业科学—作物学]