离子吸附型稀土浸取试剂和富集回收技术的演变——从抑杂浸取到强化浸取及分阶段的选择-强化浸取  

Evolution of Leaching Reagents and Enrichment Recovery Technology of Ion Adsorption Rare Earths: Leaching Strategy from Impurity Suppression to Enhancing and Selection-Enhancing in Stages

作　　者：刘艳珠[1] 丁正雄 孔维长 王昆[1] 王冰[1] 万雪梅 刘历辉 赵晴 李东平[1] 李永绣[1] Liu Yanzhu;Ding Zhengxiong;Kong Weichang;Wang Kun;Wang Bin;Wan Xuemei;Liu Lihui;Zhao Qing;Li Dongping;Li Yongxiu(Institute of Rare Earths,Nanchang University,Nanchang 330031,China)

机构地区：[1]南昌大学稀土研究院,江西南昌330031

出　　处：《中国稀土学报》2023年第3期610-622,I0005,共14页Journal of the Chinese Society of Rare Earths

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFC0605000);国家自然科学基金项目(51864033,21978127)资助。

摘　　要：硫酸铵浸取离子吸附型稀土,碳酸氢铵沉淀法富集回收工艺在工业上已经使用了30多年。其突出优点是浸取效率高,沉淀富集产品质量好,生产成本低。然而,其对环境的影响只有在确保浸出液不外泄,水和溶液都能循环利用的前提下才能得到控制。近10年来,人们着力于研发用非铵试剂来浸矿,以解决氨氮超标问题。尽管在降低氨氮污染方面取得了很好成绩,但是,在以往甚至当前的原地浸矿方式下,收液率很难超过90%,环保问题无法根本解决。本文基于当前该领域与浸取剂,沉淀剂和萃取剂及稀土浸取富集相关的研究成果,客观地分析了各种试剂和方法的优缺点,讨论了浸取策略从抑杂浸取到强化浸取以及分阶段的选择-强化浸取的变迁,这种变迁需要后续富集回收技术的支撑作用以提高效率和产品质量、降低消耗和成本。而试剂本身存在的一些不足可以通过它们之间的相互耦合和后续富集回收流程的优化来克服。据此,对当前存在的问题和未来发展趋势提出了一些基本观点。The enrichment and recovery technology of ion adsorption rare earth(IARE) leaching with ammonium sulfate and precipitating with ammonium bicarbonate have been used in industry for more than 30 years. Its outstanding advantages are high leaching efficiency, good product quality, and low production cost. However, the impact on the environment can only be controlled on the premise of ensuring that the leaching solution does not leak out and that both water and solution can be recycled. Therefore, in the past ten years, people have focused on the research and development of leaching IARE with non ammonium reagents. Although great achievements have been made in reducing ammonia nitrogen pollution, it is difficult to exceed 90% for the liquid recovery rate under the previous or even current in-situ leaching method, and the environmental protection problem cannot be fundamentally solved. Based on the current research achievements related to leaching agents, precipitants and extractants in the IARE leaching and enrichment process, this paper objectively analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of various reagents and methods, and discusses the evolution of leaching strategies from impurity suppression to enhancing and selection-enhancing in stages. This change requires the support of subsequent enrichment and recovery technologies to improve recovery efficiency and product quality, reduce consumption and cost. It is believed that some shortcomings of the reagents themselves can be overcome through the optimization of the subsequent enrichment and recovery process by mutual coupling. On this basis, some basic views on the current problems and future development trends are put forward.

关 键 词：离子吸附型稀土 浸取 沉淀 萃取 富集回收 

分 类 号：TF845[冶金工程—有色金属冶金] O614.33[理学—无机化学]