某铅锌冶炼厂工人血铅水平的影响因素分析  

Analysis of influencing factors of blood lead level of workers in a lead-zinc smelter

作　　者：王军明 蒋莹[1] 姜枫 WANG Jun-ming;JIANG Ying;JIANG Feng(Liaoning Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Shenyang,Liaoning 110005,China)

机构地区：[1]辽宁省疾病预防控制中心,辽宁沈阳110005

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2023年第11期1975-1979,共5页Modern Preventive Medicine

摘　　要：目的对某铅锌冶炼厂职业接铅人员血铅水平进行生物监测,分析血铅水平的影响因素,为采取有效的职业病预防控制措施,预防职业性慢性铅中毒提供参考。方法以该厂182名职业性铅暴露工人为研究对象,通过调查问卷获取研究对象的基础资料和工作中接触铅的情况;采集肘静脉血用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定血铅浓度。应用SPSS统计软件分析不同因素与血铅水平之间的关系并确定造成血铅水平升高的影响因素。结果研究对象的血铅浓度中位数为326.9(237.6,471.0)μg/L,其中男性血铅浓度高于女性(Z=-5.300,P<0.05)。各工龄组间血铅浓度差异具有统计学意义(H=22.126,P<0.05),工龄≥15年组血铅浓度高于其他工龄组,各车间及各工作岗位之间血铅浓度差异亦分别具有统计学意义(H=41.386,P<0.05;H=69.773,P<0.05),铅锌冶炼车间工人血铅水平高于电解锌车间和稀贵金属车间,其中烧结岗位、熔炼前床岗位工人血铅浓度高于其他岗位。中位数回归分析结果表明工作场所空气中铅浓度、工龄、男性、烧结岗位和熔炼前床岗位是接铅人员血铅水平升高的影响因素。结论该铅锌冶炼厂职业性接铅人员体内铅负荷增加,血铅水平升高,应针对血铅水平升高的影响因素采取有效措施,加强个体防护和职业防护设施建设,减少铅对工人身体健康的损害。Objective To carry out biological monitoring of blood lead level of workers exposed to lead in a lead-zinc smelter and to analyze the influencing factors of blood lead level,so as to provide reference for effective measures to prevent and control occupational diseases and prevent occupational chronic lead poisoning.Methods A total of 182 workers exposed to occupational lead in the factory were selected as the research subjects.The baseline information and data on exposure to lead at work were obtained by questionnaire,and the blood lead concentration was determined by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry(GFAAS).The relationship between different factors and blood lead level was analyzed by SPSS statistical software to identify the influencing factors of blood lead level.Results The median blood lead concentration was 326.9(237.6,471.0)μg/L,which was higher in males than females(Z=5.300,P<0.05).There was significant difference in blood lead concentration among different length of service groups(H=22.126,P<0.05).The blood lead concentration in more than 15 years group was higher than that in other length of service groups.There were also significant differences in blood lead concentration among different workshops and working positions(H=41.386,P<0.05;H=69.733,P<0.05).The blood lead level of workers in lead-zinc smelting workshop was higher than that in electrolytic zinc workshop and rare and precious metal workshop,and the blood lead concentration of workers in sintering and pre-smelting positions was higher than that in other positions.The results of median regression analysis showed that the concentration of lead in the air of the workplace,length of service,male,sintering post,and pre-smelting post were the influencing factors of the increase of blood lead level.Conclusion The lead load and blood lead level of the occupational lead-exposed workers in the lead-zinc smelter increased.Effective measures should be taken according to the influencing factors of the increase of blood lead level,and the con

关 键 词：铅锌冶炼 职业暴露 血铅 生物监测 影响因素 

分 类 号：R135.11[医药卫生—劳动卫生]