云南省2012—2021年15~24岁青年学生HIV/AIDS的流行特征分析  

Analysis on the epidemic characteristics of HIV/AIDS among 15-year-old and 24-year-old students in 2012 and 2021 in Yunnan Province

作　　者：李雪华[1] 付丽茹[1] 肖民扬 宋丽军[1] 张祖样 牛瑾[1] 王晓雯[1] 罗红兵[1] LI Xue-hua;FU Li-ru;XIAO Min-yang;SONG Li-jun;ZHANG Zu-yang;NIU Jin;WANG Xiao-wen;LUO Hong-bing(Institute for STD and AIDS Prevention and Control,Yunnan Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Kunming,Yunnan 650022,China)

机构地区：[1]云南省疾病预防控制中心性病艾滋病防制所,云南昆明650022

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2023年第11期1980-1984,1997,共6页Modern Preventive Medicine

基　　金：国家“十三五”科技重大专项(2018ZX10715006)。

摘　　要：目的分析2012—2021年云南省新发现青年学生HIV/AIDS的流行病学特征,为制定针对性防控措施提供科学依据。方法从中国艾滋病防治基本信息系统中下载2012—2021年报告的HIV/AIDS数据库,采用χ2检验、Mantel-Haenszel线性趋势检验分析云南省青年学生HIV/AIDS的流行特征。结果2012—2021年云南省新发现15~24岁青年学生HIV/AIDS 983例,男女性别比5.73:1,每年新发现青年学生HIV/AIDS占当年云南省总发现病例数的比例从2012年的0.3%上升到2021年的0.9%(χ^(2)_(趋势)=70.889,P<0.001)。同性传播占59.8%,15~17岁(χ^(2)_(趋势)=14.919,P<0.001)、初中文化程度(χ^(2)_(趋势)=4.222,P<0.001)、疾病分期为HIV感染(χ^(2)_(趋势)=14.063,P<0.001)、同性性传播(χ^(2)_(趋势)=6.894,P=0.009)的比例随着年份呈上升趋势。不同性别青年学生HIV/AIDS的文化程度、年龄、婚姻状况、民族、疾病分期、传播途径构成比差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。结论青年学生已成为云南省艾滋病防控需重点关注的人群之一。建议云南省教育部门将性教育关口前移至初中阶段,各级各类学校对男生开展同性性行为健康专题教育,各州(市)因地制宜根据当地青年学生疫情特点制定针对性的防控措施。Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of newly discovered HIV/AIDS among young students in Yunnan Province from 2012 to 2021,and to provide scientific basis for formulating targeted prevention and control measures.Methods The HIV/AIDS database report from 2012 to 2021 was downloaded from the basic information system of AIDS prevention and control in China.The Chi-square test and Mantel-Haenszel linear trend test were used to analyze the epidemic characteristics of HIV/AIDS among young students in Yunnan Province.Results A total of 983 HIV/AIDS cases aged 15 to 24 years were reported in Yunnan Province in 2012,with the sex ratio of 5.73:1.The proportion of newly discovered young HIV/AIDS cases in the total number of cases in Yunnan Province increased from 0.3%in 2012 to 0.9%in 2021(χ^(2)_(trend)=70.889,P<0.001).The proportion of homosexual transmission(χ^(2)_(trend)=14.919,P<0.001),junior high school education(χ^(2)_(trend)=4.222,P<0.001),HIV infection by disease stage(χ^(2)_(trend)=14.063,P<0.001)and homosexual transmission(χ^(2)_(trend)=6.894,P=0.009)increased with the year.There were statistical differences in education level,age,marital status,nationality,disease stage,and constituent ratio of transmission route of HIV/AIDS among young students of different genders(P<0.001).Conclusion Young students have become one of the groups needing special attention in the prevention of HIV/AIDS in Yunnan Province.It is suggested that the education department of Yunnan Province start sex education in junior high school.Schools at all levels and all types of schools should carry out health education on same-sex sexual behavior for boys,and cities and prefectures should formulate targeted prevention and control measures according to the epidemic characteristics of local young students.

关 键 词：青年学生 艾滋病病毒感染者/艾滋病人 特征 

分 类 号：R512.91[医药卫生—内科学] R181.3[医药卫生—临床医学]