上海市社区老年人流感疫苗犹豫现状及其心理学前因分析  

Analysis of the current situation of influenza vaccine hesitancy and its psychological antecedents among the elderly in the Shanghai community

作　　者：戴正悦 张恩铭 王小龙 王苏醒 李元 方琼[1] DAI Zheng-yue;ZHANG En-ming;WANG Xiao-long;WANG Su-xing;LI Yuan;FANG Qiong(School of Nursing,Shanghai Jiaotong University,Shanghai 200025,China)

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学护理学院,上海200025

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2023年第11期2009-2014,共6页Modern Preventive Medicine

基　　金：上海市公共卫生体系建设三年行动计划(2020-2022年)(GWV-10.2-XD33);上海交通大学医学院高水平地方高校创新团队(SHSMU-ZDCX20212801)。

摘　　要：目的了解上海市社区老年人流感疫苗犹豫现状,并基于5C心理学前因分析其影响因素。方法采用方便抽样方法,于2022年2—3月选取上海市12个城区的多家社区卫生服务中心的老年人作为研究对象,采用一般资料调查问卷和中文版疫苗犹豫5C量表进行线上、线下调查。结果本研究共回收402份有效问卷。调查对象平均年龄为71.5岁,其中69.7%存在流感疫苗犹豫,接种率仅为14.9%。多因素分析结果提示,女性(OR=1.697,P=0.027)、患有慢性疾病(OR=2.105,P=0.012)的社区老年人更容易产生流感疫苗犹豫。而心理学前因中的自信(OR=0.755,P=0.046)、集体责任(OR=0.770,P=0.013)是流感疫苗犹豫的保护因素,自满(OR=1.280,P=0.004)、约束(OR=1.362,P=0.004)则是危险因素。结论上海市社区老年人流感疫苗犹豫率较高,疫苗接种率不足。而注重提高社区老年人的疫苗信心和集体责任感,降低其自满情绪以及消除约束因素,对于提高该群体的流感疫苗认知和接种率有重要的现实意义与实践价值。Objective To understand the current situation of influenza vaccine hesitancy among the elderly in Shanghai communities and analyze its influencing factors based on 5C psychological antecedents.Methods By using a convenience sampling method,elderly people in several community health service centers in 12 urban areas of Shanghai were selected as the study subjects from February to March 2022,and an online and offline survey was conducted using a general information questionnaire and the Chinese version of the 5C scale for vaccine hesitancy.Results A total of 402 valid questionnaires were collected in this study.The mean age of the respondents was 71.5 years,of which 69.7%had influenza vaccine hesitancy and the vaccination rate was only 14.9%.The results of the multifactorial analysis showed that the elderly who were female(OR=1.697,P=0.027)and had chronic diseases(OR=2.105,P=0.012)were more likely to have influenza vaccine hesitancy.Whereas psychological antecedents of confidence(OR=0.755,P=0.046)and collective responsibility(OR=0.770,P=0.013)were protective factors for influenza vaccine hesitancy,and complacency(OR=1.280,P=0.004)and constraints(OR=1.362,P=0.004)were risk factors.Conclusion Influenza vaccine hesitancy rate of elderly people in Shanghai community is high,and vaccination rate is insufficient.It is of great practical significance and practical value to pay attention to improving the vaccine confidence and collective responsibility of the elderly in the community,reducing their complacency,and eliminating restrictive factors for improving their influenza vaccine awareness and vaccination rate.

关 键 词：老年人 流感疫苗 疫苗犹豫 心理学前因 

分 类 号：R186[医药卫生—流行病学]