皱叶膏桐开花过程的形态和生理指标变化  

Changes of Morphological and Physiological Indexes during Flowering of Jatropha nigroviensrugosus CV Yang

作　　者：孟畅 赵杨[1,2] 何花 王秀荣[1,2] 周鹤莹[2] Meng Chang;Zhao Yang;He Hua;Wang Xiurong;Zhou Heying(College of Forestry,Guizhou University,Guiyang,550025;Guizhou Research Center for Forest Resources and Environment,Guizhou University,Guiyang,550025)

机构地区：[1]贵州大学林学院,贵阳550025 [2]贵州大学,贵州省森林资源与环境研究中心,贵阳550025

出　　处：《分子植物育种》2023年第12期4057-4065,共9页Molecular Plant Breeding

基　　金：贵州省自然科学基金项目(黔科合基础[2020]1Y127)资助。

摘　　要：为明确皱叶膏桐在开花过程中性别分化的关键时期,本研究以皱叶膏桐为材料,对其开花过程进行物候观测,利用石蜡切片法和常规的生理指标测定法观察和测定花分化过程中的形态和生理指标变化。皱叶膏桐有两季开花期,从4月中旬花芽开始萌动,到5月中旬盛花期结束为第一季开花期,从6月下旬第二季花序出现,到7月上旬开花结束为第二季开花期。花序分化分为四个时期,分别为花序原基形成期、小花原基分化期、小花分化期和盛花期。通过观察皱叶膏桐开花物候期和形态变化,测定膏桐叶片在花芽分化过程中的物质含量和酶活性,可知,皱叶膏桐在第一季花期开花数量最多座果率最高,花序分化过程中营养物质不断积累,盛花期营养物质积累达到最高,抗氧化酶活性变化显著,AMS和SOD活力呈先上升后下降,POD活力呈先下降再上升趋势,AMS和SOD最高点及POD活力最低点均在小花原基分化期,说明小花原基分化时期是花分化的一个重要时期。在生产上可以根据开花特性和花序分化规律调控其座果率以提高种子产量和质量。研究结果为皱叶膏桐开花研究提供理论基础,同时也为其花期调控提供理论依据。In order to identify the key period of sex differentiation in the flowering process of Jatropha nigroviensrugosus CV Yang,the phenological observation of the flowering process was carried out using the paraffin section method and conventional physiological index measurement method to observe and determine the morphological and physiological index changes during the inflorescence differentiation.There are two flowering seasons a year,the first one blooms from mid-April to mid-May,and the second from late June to early July.Inflorescence differentiation can be divided into four stages:inflorescence primordium formation stage,floret primordium differentiation stage,floret differentiation stage and flowering stage.By observing the Jatropha nigro-viensrugosus CV Yang blossom phenophase and shape change,the determination of Jatropha nigroviensrugosus CV Yang in the inflorescence differentiation matter content and enzyme activity,we can see that the flowering number and fruit setting rate of the first season are the best.The activity of AMS and SOD increased first and then decreased,and the activity of POD decreased first and then increased.The peak of AMS and SOD and the lowest of POD activity were both in the stage of floret primordium differentiation,indicating that the stage of floret primordium differentia tion is an important stage of flower differentiation.The seed yield and quality can be improved by adjusting the fruit setting rate according to the flowering characteristics and the rules of inflorescence differentiation.The results of this study provides a theoretical basis for the study of flowering and the regulation of flowering period.

关 键 词：皱叶膏桐 花序 营养物质 抗氧化酶 

分 类 号：S794.9[农业科学—林木遗传育种]