河南省近20年玉米品种主要性状的演变及育种方向分析  

Changes of Main Agronomic Traits and Breeding Direction of Maize Varieties Approved in Henan Province in Recent 20 Years

作　　者：徐国强 苏萍萍 段海洋 李娜 高炯浩 高勇 付志远 李卫华 汤继华 张雪海 Xu Guoqiang;Su Pingping;Duan Haiyang;Li Na;Gao Jionghao;Gao Yong;Fu Zhiyuan;Li Weihua;Tang Jihua;Zhang Xuehai(National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science,College of Agronomy,Henan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou,450002)

机构地区：[1]河南农业大学农学院,省部共建小麦玉米作物学国家重点实验室,郑州450002

出　　处：《分子植物育种》2023年第12期4158-4169,共12页Molecular Plant Breeding

基　　金：中国博士后科学基金第68批面上资助(2020M682295);河南省科技公关项目(202102110012,212102110061);河南省高等学校重点科研项目(20A210003);郑州市重大科技创新专项(188PCXZX803);河南农业大学科技创新基金项目(KJCX2019A01)共同资助。

摘　　要：本研究收集整理了418份2000-2020年期间的河南省审定玉米品种信息,选取普通玉米和机收玉米共407份材料并对其15个性状的变化情况及相关性进行分析,为理解审定品种的更替对品种选育性状的影响及未来玉米育种方向提供参考。结果表明:(1)年际间品种差异极显著。随年份更替,审定品种的株高、产量、粗淀粉含量、赖氨酸含量呈极显著增加,其年均分别增加1.181 cm、126.82 kg/hm^(2)、0.266%、0.003%;穗长、穗粗、行粒数、粗脂肪含量极显著减少,其年均分别减少0.172 cm、0.024 cm、0.352粒、0.033%;生育期、穗位高、穗行数、千粒重、出籽率、容重、粗蛋白含量呈现不同程度的上升或下降趋势。(2)PCA分析表明,2000-2020年可分为3个阶段,各阶段对总方差累计贡献率均在70%以上,最大累计贡献率第一阶段为79.52%。3个阶段中,株高和粗蛋白含量始终是被选择对象。(3)未来育种可适当降低玉米株高,增大种植密度、增强耐高温、耐旱及抗倒伏等特性;千粒重和出籽率是影响玉米产量的重要因素,未来应进一步增加千粒重和出籽率;推测粗淀粉的快速积累会对其他品质性状的积累造成“碳稀释效应”,未来玉米育种中应协调各品质组分间的关系,加速向高产优质玉米转化,培育出更优质的青贮玉米或粮饲兼用型玉米新品种。In this study,the information of 418 maize hybrid varieties approved in Henan Province from 2000 to 2020 were collected,and the changing trends and correlations of 15 traits in 407 varieties including normal maize varieties and mechanized harvested maize varieties were selected and analyzed,it will aid in understanding the influence of the replacement of approved varieties on breeding traits and provide useful information for future maize breeding direction.The results showed that:(1)The difference among varieties between different years was very significant.The plant height(PH),grain yield(GY),starch concentration(SC)and lysine concentration(LC)were significantly increased with an average annual improvement of 1.181 cm,126.82 kg/hm^(2),0.266%and 0.003%,respectively.Ear length(EL),ear diameter(ED),kernel number per row(KNPR)and fat concentration(FC)were significantly decreased with an average annual falling of0.172 cm,0.024 cm,0.352 kernels and 0.033%,respectively.The developmental stage(DS),ear height(EH),kernel row number(KRN),1000-kernel weight(KW),kernel ratio(KR),bulk density(BD)and protein concentration(PC)increased or decreased in different degrees.(2)PCA(principal component analysis)shows that 2000 to 2020 can be divided into three stages,and the variance cumulative contribution rate of each stage is exceed 70%,and the maximum cumulative contribution rate in the first stage is 79.52%.PH and PC in these three stages were always selected.(3)In future maize breeding,PH can be appropriately reduced in order to increase plant density and improve lodging resistance,high temperature resistance and drought resistance.KW and KR are important factors affecting maize yield,which should be increased in future.The fast increase of SC may lead to an effect of carbon dilution on the corresponding quality traits.In the future breeding,it's an important strategy to accelerate the transformation from yield maize variety to quality maize variety and to develop forage maize or silage maize varieties by coordinating the relat

关 键 词：河南 玉米品种 育种方向 农艺性状 产量 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]