抓住耕地和种子“两个要害”夯实粮食安全根基:现实问题与政策建议  

Hold on the “two key points” of farmland and seed to consolidate grain security's foundation:Realistic problems and policy suggestions

作　　者：肖卫东 杜志雄[2] XIAO Wei-dong;DU Zhi-xiong(School of Public Administration,Shandong Normal University,Jinan,Shandong 250014,China;Rural Development Institute,Chinese Academy of Social Science,Beijing 100732,China)

机构地区：[1]山东师范大学公共管理学院,山东济南250014 [2]中国社会科学院农村发展研究所,北京100732

出　　处：《农业现代化研究》2023年第2期196-204,共9页Research of Agricultural Modernization

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(21BJL006)。

摘　　要：全方位夯实粮食安全根基涉及面广,但耕地和种子是“两个要害”。本文基于保障粮食安全、建设农业强国的视角,阐释抓住耕地和种子“两个要害”的重要性,分析粮食安全下耕地保护和种业发展面临的现实问题,提出抓住耕地和种子“两个要害”夯实粮食安全根基的政策建议。研究表明,抓住耕地和种子“两个要害”,是保障国家粮食安全、建设农业强国的内在要求,是全方位夯实粮食安全根基、筑牢农业强国的基础。目前,夯实粮食安全的“耕地”根基面临耕地总量少、优质耕地占比低,耕地基础地力退化趋势难扭转、质量仍趋下降,耕地“非农化”“非粮化”难遏制,以及可动员的后备耕地资源有限等现实问题;夯实粮食安全“种子”根基面临种质资源保护利用不足,育种创新能力不强,种业企业“山多峰少”和研发投入不足,种业产学研联系不紧密等现实问题。由此,抓住耕地要害夯实粮食安全根基要“像保护大熊猫一样保护耕地”,严守耕地红线、提等升级耕地质量、坚决遏制耕地“非农化”“非粮化”、合理有序开发后备耕地资源。抓住种子要害夯实粮食安全根基要深入实施种业振兴行动,掌控核心种源、攥牢当家品种,实现种业科技自立自强。Consolidating the foundation of grain security in an all-round way,it covers a wide range of areas,but farmland and seed are “two key points”.From the view of ensuring grain security and building agricultural powerhouse,this paper seeks to explain the importance of holding on the “two key points”,to reveal realistic problems,and to provide some policy suggestions.Results show that holing on the “two key points” is the intrinsic requirement and foundation for ensuring national grain security and building agricultural powerhouse.Currently,consolidating grain security's farmland foundation is faced with many realistic problems,including the total amount of farmland and reserve resources are insufficient,the proportion of area of high-quality farmland is low,the increasing degradation trend of farmland foundation is difficult to reverse,“non-agricultural” and “non-grain” transformation of farmland are hard to contain.Consolidating grain security's seed foundation also were faced with many realistic problems,including inadequate of protection and utilization of germplasm resources,inadequate of breeding innovation ability,“many mountains but few peaks” of seed industry enterprises,lack of RD investment,and loose link between “industryuniversity-research”.To consolidate grain security's farmland foundation,this paper suggesting:“protecting farmland like protecting a giant panda”,holding the red line of farmland,improving the quality of farmland,resolutely curbing “non-agricultural” and “non-grain” transformation of farmland,and developing reasonable and orderly reserve farmland resources.In addition,this paper also suggests that consolidating grain security's seed foundation is to pursue vitalization of seed industry,to control the core crop seed source,to hold fast to master the breed,and to achieve sci-tech self-reliance and self-strengthening of the seed industry.

关 键 词：粮食安全 耕地 种子 耕地“非农化”“非粮化” 农业强国 

分 类 号：F326.11[经济管理—产业经济]