以DMAc为溶剂的腈纶干法纺丝工艺  

Dry Spinning Process of Acrylic Fiber with DMAc as Solvent

作　　者：关晓博 孙常山 任永禄 GUAN Xiao-bo;SUN Chang-shan;REN Yong-lu(Acrylic Fiber Plant of SINOPEC Qilu Petrochemical Company,Zibo 255040,Shandong,China)

机构地区：[1]中国石化齐鲁石化公司腈纶厂,山东淄博255040

出　　处：《合成纤维》2023年第5期12-17,共6页Synthetic Fiber in China

摘　　要：二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)是良好的纺丝溶剂,因其毒性被限制在腈纶干法纺丝中使用。二甲基乙酰胺(DMAc)是腈纶湿法纺丝的溶剂,但其溶解度参数比DMF略低,溶解性低于DMF。同时受腈纶干法纺丝原液固含量远高于湿法纺丝原液固含量的影响,DMAc溶剂配制相同固含量的聚丙烯腈,溶解性会降低。通过对聚丙烯腈溶解性、溶剂扩散、溶剂回收、设备腐蚀、纤维结构性能等方面的研究,确定了以DMAc为溶剂的干法腈纶的聚合物特性黏度、原液固含量、溶解时间和温度、纺丝、溶剂回收等关键工艺,实现了以DMAc为溶剂的腈纶干法工艺安全稳定运行,污水和操作现场溶剂残留大幅度降低,操作环境得到显著改善。Dimethylformamide(DMF)is a good spinning solvent,which is limited to dry spinning of acrylic fi⁃bers due to its toxicity.Dimethylacetamide(DMAc)is a solvent used for wet spinning of acrylic fibers,but its solubility parameter is slightly lower than DMF and solubility is lower than DMF.At the same time,due to the influence that the solid content of dry spinning stock solution is much higher than that of wet spinning stock solution,the solubility of DMAc solvent will be reduced if the polyacrylonitrile with the same solid content is used.By studying the solubility of polyacrylonitrile,solvent diffusion,solvent recovery,equip⁃ment corrosion,fiber structure performance and other aspects,the key processes of dry spinning process of acrylic polymer with DMAc as solvent,such as polymer characteristic viscosity,solid content of stock solu⁃tion,dissolution time and temperature,spinning and solvent recovery were determined,and the safe and sta⁃ble operation of dry spinning process of acrylic fiber with DMAc as solvent was realized.The solvent resi⁃due in sewage and operation site is greatly reduced,and the operating environment is significantly improved.

关 键 词：腈纶 干法纺丝 二甲基甲酰胺 二甲基乙酰胺 溶解性 

分 类 号：TQ342.31[化学工程—化纤工业]