植物修复模式对离子型稀土堆浸尾矿土壤入渗特性的影响  

Effect of Phytoremediation Model on Soil Infiltration Characteristics of Ionic Rare Earth Heap Leaching Tailings

作　　者：黄尚书[1] 方巍 高磊[2] 田园 孙耿[3] 吕雪莹 揭雨成 HUANG Shang-shu;FANG Wei;GAO Lei;TIAN Yuan;SUN Geng(College of Land Resources and Environment,Jiangxi Agricultural University,Nanchang 330045,PRC;Institute of Soil Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing 210008,PRC;Hunan Soil and Fertilizer Institute,Changsha 410125,PRC)

机构地区：[1]江西农业大学国土资源与环境学院,江西南昌330045 [2]中国科学院南京土壤研究所,江苏南京210008 [3]湖南省土壤肥料研究所,湖南长沙410125 [4]不详

出　　处：《湖南农业科学》2023年第4期55-60,共6页Hunan Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2019YFD1002205-3)。

摘　　要：为了明确植物修复模式对离子型稀土堆浸尾矿土壤入渗特征的影响,以未治理的堆浸尾矿为对照(CK),设置堆浸尾矿种植皇竹草(T1)和堆浸尾矿种植脐橙(T2)2种植物修复模式,利用圆盘入渗仪观测各处理的土壤入渗特性,并分析其影响因素。结果表明:(1)不同处理下土壤有机质含量、容重、土壤含水量、砂粒和黏粒含量差异显著(P <0.05),2种植物修复堆浸尾矿的土壤有机质含量、黏粒含量显著高于未治理堆浸尾矿(P <0.05),而砂粒含量显著低于未治理堆浸尾矿(P <0.05);(2)与未治理堆浸尾矿相比,植物修复模式使土壤初始入渗率、稳定入渗率和累积入渗量下降82.0%~93.5%,稳定入渗时间约减少15 min;(3)初始入渗速率、稳定入渗速率与砂粒含量呈极显著指数正相关关系(P <0.01),稳定入渗时间与有机质含量和黏粒含量呈极显著幂函数负相关(P<0.01)。综上所述,赣南离子型稀土堆浸尾矿保水能力极差,采用植物修复模式可有效恢复土壤涵养水分的功能。In order to clarify the influence of phytoremediation model on soil infiltration characteristics of ionic rare earth heap leaching tailings,this study,taking the untreated ionic rare earth heap leaching tailings as CK,set two phytoremediation models of planting Pennisetum hydridum(T1)or navel orange(T2)on the heap leaching tailings.The soil infiltration characteristics of each treatment were observed with a disk infiltration meter,and the influencing factors were analyzed.The results showed that:(1)The soil organic matter content,bulk density,soil water content,and sand and clay contents exhibited significant differences among treatments(P<0.05).The two phytoremediation models were significantly higher than CK in soil organic matter and clay contents(P<0.05),but significantly lower than CK in the sand content(P<0.05).(2)Compared with CK,the phytoremediation models reduced the soil initial infiltration rate,stable infiltration rate and cumulative infiltration amount by 82.0%–93.5%,and shortened the stable infiltration time by about 15 minutes.(3)The initial infiltration rate and stable infiltration rate respectively showed a very significantly exponential function positive relationship with sand content(P<0.01);the stable infiltration time had a very significantly power function negative relationship respectivly with organic matter content and clay content(P<0.01).To sum up,the water holding capacity of ionic rare earth heap leaching tailings in southern Jiangxi is extremely poor,and the use of phytoremediation model can effectively restore the function of soil water conservation.

关 键 词：植物修复 离子型稀土 堆浸尾矿 治理模式 土壤有机质 土壤质地 

分 类 号：S152.7[农业科学—土壤学]