餐厨垃圾生物转化效率及其残渣肥料化利用潜力  

Bioconversion Efficiency of Kitchen Waste and Fertilize

作　　者：饶中秀 黄凤球[1] 董春华[1] 李龙涛 褚飞[1] RAO Zhong-xiu;HUANG Feng-qiu;DONG Chun-hua;LI Long-tao;CHU Fei(Hunan Soil and Fertilizer Institute,Changsha 410125,PRC)

机构地区：[1]湖南省土壤肥料研究所,湖南长沙410125

出　　处：《湖南农业科学》2023年第5期70-73,77,共5页Hunan Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：湖南省农业科技创新资金项目(2020CX65)。

摘　　要：为明确餐厨垃圾的生物转化效率及其残渣的肥料化利用潜力,分析探讨了通过养殖蝇蛆和黑水虻幼虫降解餐厨垃圾的料虫转化率、养分转化率、残渣理化性质、盐分残留量及养分资源供给能力等。结果表明:蝇蛆和黑水虻幼虫的料虫转化率约10%;蝇蛆对餐厨垃圾的养分转化率在12.53%~29.45%之间,养分转化率高低表现为钾>氮>有机质>磷,而黑水虻幼虫对餐厨垃圾的养分转化率在14.64%~41.94%之间,养分转化率高低表现为钾>磷>氮>有机质;蝇蛆和黑水虻幼虫虫体中氮、磷、钾总含量在12%左右,蛋白质含量分别为58.88%和47.56%。生物转化后残渣pH值接近中性,氮、磷、钾总养分含量>8%、有机质含量>50%,均满足有机肥料标准要求且活性有机质含量较高;残渣中含有少量钠盐和氯离子,应尽量避免长期直接施用带来的潜在风险。To determine the bioconversion efficiency of kitchen waste and the fertilization potential of correspondingly bioconversed residues,our experiment has investigated and analyzed the waste-insect conversion rates and the nutrient conversion rates of housefly larvae and black soldier fly larvae to kitchen waste,and the physicochemical properties,sodium salt and chloride ion contents,and nutrient supply capacity of the bioconversed residue of kitchen waste.The results indicated that the waste-insect conversion rates of housefly larvae and black soldier fly larvae to kitchen waste were about 10%.The nutrient conversion rate of housefly larvae to kitchen waste was 12.53%-29.45%in order of K>N>OM>P,and that of black soldier fly larvae was 14.64%-41.94%in order of K>P>N>OM.In housefly larvae and black soldier fly larvae,the total contents of N,P and K were about 12%,and the content of protein was 58.88%and 47.56%,respectively.The pH value of residues after bioconversion was close to neutral,the total content of N,P and K was>8%,and the content of organic matter was>50%,which met the standard of organic fertilizer.Furthermore,a high level of active organic matter was detected in the residues.However,it is suggested that potential risk of long-term or direct application should be avoided due to Na+and Cl-in residues.

关 键 词：餐厨垃圾 蝇蛆 黑水虻 生物转化 肥料化 

分 类 号：X799.3[环境科学与工程—环境工程]