我国高寒旱地区源分离尿液碱性稳定化研究  

Study on Alkaline Stabilization of Source-separated Urine in Alpine-cold and Water Shortage Area of China

作　　者：段文俊 陆茵[2] 孙利利[2] 卢军 李继云[3] 徐康宁[1] DUAN Wenjun;LU Yin;SUN Lili;LU Jun;LI Jiyun;XU Kangning(Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution,College of Environmental Science and Engineering,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083;Beijing Guohuan Tsinghua Environmental Engineering Design&Research Institute Co.Ltd.,Beijing 100084;School of Environment,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084)

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学环境科学与工程学院,北京市水体污染源控制技术重点实验室,北京100083 [2]北京国环清华环境工程设计研究院有限公司,北京100084 [3]清华大学环境学院,北京100084

出　　处：《环境卫生工程》2023年第3期1-8,共8页Environmental Sanitation Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2020YFD1100102)。

摘　　要：源分离旱厕非常适用于我国高寒旱农村地区的厕所改造,然而,源分离尿液在收集和长期储存过程中易因尿素水解而造成氨氮挥发损失以及异味等问题,因此,以尿液作为液体肥施用为目标开展了我国高寒旱地区尿液碱性稳定化研究。结果表明,pH越高、温度越低,尿液中尿素水解越容易被抑制,尿液越容易长期稳定,同时尿素水解活性强时,需提高pH以强化尿素水解的抑制。与草木灰相比,Ca(OH)_(2)和CaO更适用于尿液的长期稳定化,Ca(OH)_(2)投加量为5.2 g/L时,尿液pH调节为11.0,可以在180 d有效实现尿液稳定化。当尿液施用量低于1.5 L/m^(2)时,相比施用水解尿液,施用稳定化尿液带来的土壤盐碱化风险更低。Urine source separated latrine pit is very suitable for the reconstruction of toilets in the rural areas in alpine-cold and water shortage area in China.However,urea hydrolysis in source-separated urine resulted in nitrogen loss due to ammonia volatilization and odor problems in the processes of collection and long-term storage of urine.Therefore,with the aim of using urine as liquid fertilizer,the alkaline stabilization of source-separated urine in alpine-cold and water shortage area of China was investigated.The results showed that it was easier to inhibit urea hydrolysis and stabilize urine in long-term storage at higher pH and lower temperature.At the same time,higher pH was necessary to inhibit urea hydrolysis when urea hydrolysis activity was higher.Compared with plant ash,Ca(OH)_(2) and CaO were more suitable for long-term stabilization of urine.When the dosage of Ca(OH)_(2) was 5.2 g/L,the pH of urine was adjusted to 11.0,which could effectively stabilized urine at 180 days.Compared with hydrolyzed urine,the application of stabilized urine had a lower risk of soil salinization and alkalization when the fertilizing amount of urine was lower than 1.5 L/m^(2).

关 键 词：旱厕 源分离 尿液 稳定化 氨损失 

分 类 号：X703[环境科学与工程—环境工程]