清水江中下游窨子屋及其形成机制初探  

Yinziwu and Its Formation Mechanism in the Middle to Lower Reaches of Qingshui River

作　　者：展玥 王红军[1] 焦梦婕 Zhan Yue;Wang Hongjun;Jiao Mengjie(College of Architecture and Urban Planning,Tongji University,Shanghai 200092)

机构地区：[1]同济大学建筑与城市规划学院,上海200092

出　　处：《建筑遗产》2023年第1期37-47,共11页Heritage Architecture

基　　金：国家民委民族研究项目(2022-GMI-106)。

摘　　要：清水江是沅江上游的重要支流,也是贵州一条连通湖南汉族地区和苗族、侗族聚居区的移民和贸易线路。窨子屋分布于湘西南、黔东南,以沅江中上游、清水江流域为中心。文章在分析清水江中下游地区窨子屋的平面形式、结构和构造特征的同时,也着重讨论了在木材生产和贸易发展影响下,清水江下游区域原有的社会结构发生变化,出现了新的商人阶层,成为窨子屋的营建主体,影响了窨子屋的建造和使用。从而指出清水江窨子屋是一种以清水江当地民居为主体,受汉文化影响的民居形式,对于研究不同建造体系结合的过程和民族建筑的融合具有独特意义。Yinziwu(lit.enclosed house)exists in southwestern Hunan and southeastern Guizhou provinces,centred on the middle to upper reaches of the Yuanjiang River and the Qingshui River,a major tributary of the Yuanjiang River and also a migratory and trading route that connects the Han ethnic regions in Hunan Province with the area of Miao and Dong ethnic minorities in southeastern Guizhou Province.This article first discusses the layouts and structural and constructional characteristics of yinziwu at the middle to lower reaches of the Qingshui River.It then turns to the evolution of the social structure in this area as an influential factor in the historical change of yinziwu’s construction and functionality.As a result of timber production and trade,the merchant class emerged and became the primary group that built yinziwu.Finally,the article points out that yinziwu at the Qingshui River Basin is a form of vernacular architecture based on the local dwelling form incorporating the influence of Han culture.Hence it has a unique significance for studying the integration process of both different construction systems and ethnic architecture.

关 键 词：窨子屋 清水江中下游 社会机制 建造体系 

分 类 号：TU092.8[建筑科学] C956[社会学—民族学]